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25.01.2022 Silverfish Silverfish are very primitive insects that constitute Order Thysanura. In Australia, this rather small insect order is represented by only 28 described species. These are agile, fast-running, scale-covered insects that are primitively wingless. About five species of silverfish have successfully invaded buildings. These pest species restrict their activities to relatively undisturbed areas such as bookcases, storage rooms and ceiling, where they may damage paper, fabrics and other materials.

24.01.2022 Termites & Ants

23.01.2022 Termites colonies Colonies also take different forms depending on the species. There are five main forms Ground mound... Arboreal mound Pole nest Subterranean nest Tree wood See more

18.01.2022 Furniture Carpet Beetles (Anthrenus Flavipes) The Furniture Carpet Beetles are 2-3.5 mm long and are mottled yellow, white and black markings, cleft where elytra meet at end of abdomen and is an oval shape. Larva up to 5 mm long when fully feed and are dark and wide a front, narrow towards the rear. The lifecycle of Furniture Carpet Beetles is 9-12 months and are not as destructive as black and variegated carpet beetles and they often attack upholstered furniture, carpets and some stored foods.

18.01.2022 Life Cycle of Silverfish Silverfish undergo a primitive metamorphosis (sometimes referred to as ‘no metamorphosis’). Females lay eggs singly or in small batches, and these usually hatch in 2-8 weeks. The hatchlings closely resemble the adult form and undergo a number of moults. Sexual maturity is usually attained after about 3-24 months. Silverfish continue to moult periodically throughout their adult life, which may be as long as 4 years.

17.01.2022 The Queen The original queen left the parent colony as an alate at the time of a colonising flight and set up a new colony with the king. The main function of the queen is... Reproduction. The first form queen is usually long lived, some species, 20 years, and is fertilised by the king at intervals during this time.... Queens are of two forms: Macropterous Queen Supplementary queens or ‘Neotenics’ See more

15.01.2022 Australian Carpet Beetles (Anthrenocerus Australis) The Australian Carpet Beetle are 2-3 mm long and are basically black or dark with lighter markings and are oval in shape. Larva are reddish brown colour and are covered with bristles they are elongate oval shaped with some long hairs trailing from tip of abdomen. The lifecycle of Australian Carpet Beetles is 9-12 months and are not as destructive as black and variegated carpet beetles and they attack woollens, carpet, felt, and underflet, as well as stored food (e.g. meat products).

15.01.2022 Control Of Silverfish Inspection is an important prerequisite to treatment, thorough inspection should involve moving and opening stored articles to disturb silverfish. In some situations, the use of an aerosol flushing agent can help to locate activity. The possibility of populations residing in wall cavities can make control more complex and demanding.

14.01.2022 Caste Determination Shortages of any caste in a colony appear to be reflected through a hormonal imbalance, and this is then compensated for by the production of more of the particular caste that is deficient in numbers.

12.01.2022 Colonising flight The colonising flight in many species occurs mainly during the Nov-Dec and Mar-April periods, avoiding the very hot period of January-February. When the reproductives are fully winged, they are ready to leave the colony and set up new colonies. The colonising flight occurs during periods of moderate temperatures and high humidity, approximating to those conditions inside the nest. After rain, humidity is often assured, and the winged termites are less likely to desiccate under these conditions.

11.01.2022 Structure of Silverfish Silverfish are wingless and have a flattened, slender, scale-covered body. Most have a silvery appearance and, because the body tapers to the rear, they are often said to have a fish-like appearance. Antennae are usually long and slender, and three long appendages from the rear of the abdomen are very conspicuous. The structure of the young is similar to that of the adult.

10.01.2022 Reproductives also known as alates These are the sexual forms of a colony - the future kings and queens of colonies yet to be established. They are darker than workers and soldiers, have compound eyes and are able to resist the outside environment more effectively than the other castes by having a more sclerotised cuticle. Once they are fully winged and ready to leave the nest and go on a colonising flight. If the queen dies or degenerates, in many species some of their reproductive are selected to carry on the colony as neotenics.

09.01.2022 Habit of Silverfish Silverfish are agile, fast-running, nocturnal insects that generally shun light. They are usually found in dark, undisturbed places, but may range fairly widely throughout a given dwelling. Their inability to climb smooth surfaces often results in their being trapped (and noticed) in baths and basins.

07.01.2022 Non-Chemical Methods of Prevention and control Inspecting incoming goods that may harbour silverfish, such as second-hand books and furniture, may help to avoid infestation. As well, books, papers, files and so on should, where possible, be sorted in light and airy conditions. Books hidden away in closed cabinets, particularly if infrequently opened, can provide very suitable conditions for silverfish development. In kitchen areas, tight containment of foods and frequent cleaning of scraps and crumbs help to reduce the suitability of that environment to silverfish.

07.01.2022 Soldiers Soldiers are darker and have darker and larger heads than the workers. The soldiers main function is to defend the colony against invaders, particularly ants.

07.01.2022 Chemical Control of Silverfish Owing to the often widespread distribution of silverfish within premises, it is usually necessary to use a combination of treatments to achieve effective levels of control. Where possible, a clean-up prior to insecticide application can be most beneficial. The different types of treatments that are available to control silverfish are Surface spraying, Space Spraying, Dusting and Baits.

05.01.2022 Termite Castes Termites exist in a colony in several ‘forms’ or castes, each of which has particular structures and functions related to the survival and maintenance of the colony. - Queen... - King - Soldiers - Workers - Reproductives Caste determination Shortages of any caste in a colony appear to be reflected through a hormonal imbalance, and this is then compensated for by the production of more of the particular caste that is deficient in numbers.

05.01.2022 Workers Workers are the most populous individuals in the colony. They do the work of the colony; gathering food, maintaining and repairing, and feeding all the other castes. They are not involved in reproduction and have no compound eyes. They are males and females whose reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics have not developed. Workers bodies are usually white. They are confined to the enclosed workings and the nursery area of the colony, where humidity is high and the temperature is even. They only leave the colony when the outside humidity and temperature are high, similar to conditions inside the colony, and there is less chance of desiccation.

01.01.2022 The king The original king, along with the queen, tends the young during the early stages of the colony. He fertilises the queen from time to time and, like the queen, is long lived.

01.01.2022 Termites are often called ‘white ants’; however, apart from their social habits of living in colonies, in appearance they do not resemble true ants. Termites are closer relatives to cockroaches coming from the Order Blattodea. Ants being from the Order Hymenoptera with sawflies, wasps and bees. Termites are mostly pale brown to white, have no constriction between thorax and abdomen and have beaded antennae. Reproductive termites have two pairs of equal wings and one pair of compound eyes. Workers and soldiers are blind, sexless, wingless and have thin cuticles that are susceptible to desiccation in dry or exposed environments.

01.01.2022 Silverfish as Pests Within buildings, silverfish may be found almost anywhere. While frequently found in roof cavities, they may also occur in wall voids, subfloor areas and many places within the dwelling parts of premises. They feed on most types of human food, but seem to prefer starchy materials. When paper or photographs are attacked, it is often the outer, shiny layer that is most damaged. As well, book bindings, cottons, linens and wallpaper are often damaged. Any sources of glue, starch or sizing are likely to be attractive.