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24.01.2022 29/11 'Urbansuburban differences in the demographics and clinical profiles of type 2 diabetic patients attending primary healthcare centres in Malta'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5666. Social factors might bring about health inequities. Vulnerable population groups, including those suffering from non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes and depression, might be more prone to suffering the effects of such inequities. This study describes the social and health inequities for type 2 diabetic patients attending primary healthcare centres in Malta.

23.01.2022 28/9 'Clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a rural area in Germany'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/6325. As of 1 May, 2020, more than 3.4 million cases of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and more than 240,000 deaths due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) had been reported worldwide. In Germany, about 85% of the COVID-19 patients are cared for mostly by family physicians in community practices, which allows hospitals to concentrate on critically ill patients. This Letter to the Editor reports on the first cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in a rural district in Germany.

21.01.2022 5/8 'A severe diarrhoeal outbreak in a remote Pacific island community, Anuta Island, Solomon Islands, AprilJune 2019'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5787. In May 2019, there was a severe diarrhoea outbreak in a very remote and isolated community on Anuta Island, halfway between the Solomon Islands archipelago and Tuvalu. This Short Communication reports on the investigation and response to the outbreak, highlights the system challenges faced in mounting the response and provides suggestions that may help overcome these challenges. UNSW Medicine UNSW UNDP Solomon Islands

21.01.2022 7/8 'Exploring children’s perceptions of barriers and facilitators to physical activity in rural Northwestern Ontario, Canada'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5791. This article reports on a study examining barriers and facilitators to physical activity for children living in a rural and isolated region in Canada. Findings suggest a need to understand contextual barriers specific to rural environments, and specific to particular rural regions.

20.01.2022 3/9 'Understanding the field of rural health academic research: a national qualitative, interview-based study'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/6116. Rural areas depend on a specific evidence base that directly informs their unique health systems and population health context. Developing this evidence base and its translation depends on a trained rural health academic workforce. This study characterises the field of rural health research to inform how it can be fostered.

20.01.2022 20/11 'Domestic migrant workers in India returning to their homes: emerging socioeconomic and health challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/6186. Domestic migrant workers were left stranded far from home when India declared nation-wide lockdown to combat the novel coronavirus pandemic. A large number of these workers were left with no economic support, no food and, in many cases, nowhere to live. This Commentary describes the socio-economic and health issues experienced by migrant workers during the COVID-19 crisis, and outlines some of the ways out.

20.01.2022 31/8 'Retaining graduates of non-metropolitan medical schools for practice in the local area: the importance of locally based postgraduate training pathways in Australia and Canada'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5835. Geographic maldistribution of medical practise exists worldwide. One strategy for producing doctors for practise in rural areas is to establish a 'pathway' that selects students from a region and offers undergraduate and postgraduate clinical training activities in that region. This study examines the association between postgraduate training location and doctors' practice location once fully qualified in a medical specialty from one regionally based medical school in Australia and one in Canada. JCU: James Cook University, Australia JCU: College of Medicine and Dentistry

19.01.2022 11/08 'Can neonatal pneumothorax be successfully managed in regional Australia?' Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5615. There is little available data about neonatal pneumothorax outside of neonatal intensive care units, especially amongst regional health services with paediatric facilities. This study reviews the role of Australian regional health services in managing this condition.

19.01.2022 31/7 'Factors explaining the shortage and poor retention of qualified health workers in rural and remote areas of the Kayes, region of Mali: a qualitative study'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5772. The shortage of health workers is a worldwide problem but is particularly critical in sub-Saharan Africa. In Mali, there are insufficient health workers and their retention is low, particularly in rural and remote areas. This study examined the factors contributing to the shortage and poor retention of health workers in two rural districts of Mali.

17.01.2022 28/6 'A year as a prehospital physician in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/6115. Responding in the Scottish Outer Hebrides presents a number of challenges above and beyond standard prehospital work owing to its remoteness and the limited resources available on the island. As a prehospital physician, it is important to have an excellent working relationship with all local emergency services and with the wider community. One's emotional resilience will be tested when responding and living in a rural setting, when you are far less removed from the tragedies you encounter.

17.01.2022 23/11 'National study of the impact of rural immersion programs on intended location of medical practice in New Zealand'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5785. New Zealand faces an ongoing shortage of rural medical professionals. In an effort to increase interest in rural practice, medical schools in NZ offer rural immersion programmes. This study compares the effects of long (>33 weeks) or short (5-week inter-professional) rural immersion with no rural immersion on the career location intentions of medical students. Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences - FMHS Otago Medical School - Dunedin Campus, University of Otago MSOD Longitudinal Tracking Project

16.01.2022 19/8 'Differences in US COVID-19 case rates and case fatality rates across the urbanrural continuum'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/6074. This analysis uses publicly available county level COVID-19 data to predict case fatality rates by county, across the rural continuum. While acknowledging limitations in calculation of case fatality rates where county-level testing rates are unavailable, the authors report that the mortality burden of COVID-19 is exc...eptionally high in rural areas in the US, despite their overall lower rate of cases. Many rural areas face substantial challenges in disease surveillance, testing, and treatment. Case fatality rates can provide information beyond crude case rates and numbers of deaths to identify vulnerable and underserved rural populations, so that resources can be allocated more equitably. @osu center for rural health UAMS Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health See more

16.01.2022 28/9 'Ruralurban disparities in the distribution of dental caries among children in south-eastern Louisiana: a cross-sectional study'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5954. This original research article reports on a study designed to compare the prevalence of dental caries among rural and urban elementary school-aged children in the United States. Findings indicate higher prevalence of dental caries in rural than in urban communities. LSUHSC School of Public Health

16.01.2022 28/9 'Childhood exhaust burns in rural and remote regions'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5893. Paediatric burns are a leading cause of childhood injuries, having significant physical and psychological impact to both parents and child. This Research Letter highlights a concerning trend in vehicle exhaust burns in children, requiring complex and challenging wound care in rural and remote Australia.

15.01.2022 '16/11 'Decisions on cancer care by Indigenous peoples in Alberta and Saskatchewan: a narrative analysis'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5610. This qualitative study explores the treatment decision-making practices among Indigenous peoples with cancer in rural Canada, using a storytelling research methodology. Findings suggest that a healthcare system that provides access to both traditional and Western medicine may be essential to culturally safe, high quality cancer care for Indigenous peoples. Given the role of spirituality, ceremony and Elder guidance, the implementation of Indigenous world view into cancer care practice could be beneficial.

14.01.2022 31/8 'Mechanisms to achieve a successful rural physiotherapy publicprivate partnership: a qualitative study'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5668. Longstanding gaps in physiotherapy service delivery exist in rural areas across Australia. This study explored how stakeholders defined the success of a public-private partnership model of service delivery in a rural setting and examined if the model was successful according to stakeholder definitions. Barri...ers and enablers (mechanisms) were identified and linked to stakeholder-defined success measures. University of Melbourne - Department of Rural Health Going Rural Health SARRAH @HETI - Health Education and Training Institute Murrumbidgee Local Health District The Clinician Researcher See more

14.01.2022 20/9 'Patient and provider perspectives on eHealth interventions in Canada and Australia: a scoping review'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5754. This scoping review provides a synthesis of the literature on patient and provider perspectives of eHealth initiatives in rural Australian and Canadian communities. The focus on first person perspectives draws attention to the importance of centering patient voices in the evaluation of healthcare interventions such as eHealth.

14.01.2022 28/11 'Health service delivery and workforce in northern Australia: a scoping review'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/6168. Delivering health services and improving health outcomes of the 1.3 million people residing in northern Australia, a region spanning three million square kilometres across the three jurisdictions of Western Australia, Northern Territory and Queensland, presents specific challenges. This review addresses a need for systems-level analysis of the issues influencing the coverage, quality and responsiveness of health services across this region by examining the available published literature and identifying key policy-relevant gaps. Maxine Whittaker

13.01.2022 3/7 'The association between breast cancer capacity and resources with incidence and mortality in Arizona’s low populous counties'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/6357. While cancer deaths have decreased nationally, declines have been much slower in rural areas compared with urban areas. This cross-sectional study explored the association between breast cancer service capacity, and breast cancer incidence and mortality, in Arizona's low populous counties.... Compared to urban counties, rural county status was associated with lower breast cancer incidence rates, although there were no statistically significant differences in breast cancer mortality. These findings may reflect the challenges of using county level data, particularly per capita data, in a state where counties average over 7500 square miles. University of Arizona Zuckerman College of Public Health Arizona Cancer Center See more

13.01.2022 22/9 'Ruralurban disparities in the distribution of dental caries among children in south-eastern Louisiana: a cross-sectional study'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5954. This original research article reports on a study designed to compare the prevalence of dental caries among rural and urban elementary school-aged children in the United States. Findings indicate higher prevalence of dental caries in rural than in urban communities.

10.01.2022 3/9 'Evaluating a centralised cancer support centre in the remote region of Northern Norway'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/6016. Being diagnosed with cancer and undergoing treatment is a life-changing experience, and many cancer patients find the physical, emotional, and social effects of the disease to be stressful. This study explores the experiences of cancer patients and their relatives from all parts of Northern Norway visiting the centralized cancer support centre.

10.01.2022 18/9 'Mental health care in rural and remote areas necessitate greater attention during the COVID-19 pandemic'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/6404. Pre-COVID-19, rural communities already experienced limited access to mental health care. Lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in social isolation, financial insecurity and weakening of social support systems, resulting in a deterioration in adult mental health. Many ideas and improvements are filling the gaps in mental health care during this difficult time, but, as this Letter to the editor highlights, more emphasis is needed on rural and remote communities.

10.01.2022 17/7 'Fluvial family health: work process of teams in riverside communities of the Brazilian Amazon'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5522. Riverine populations living along the rivers of the Amazon region face difficulties accessing services like health care and education and rely on fishing, subsistence farming, gathering of forest products and federal government aid. This study analyses the work processes of fluvial family health teams who access these communities in boats or ships.

10.01.2022 5/7 'Remote area nurses' perceptions of the enablers and barriers for delivering end-of-life care in remote Australia to Aboriginal people who choose to pass away on their traditional lands'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/6485. Remote area nurses often work in isolated and extreme geographical locations, alongside and with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. This study investigated what remote area nurses perceived were enablers and barriers to being involved in the delivery of care to an Aboriginal person with a terminal diagnosis passing away on their traditional lands.

09.01.2022 27/8 'A virtual community-of-practice approach by rural stakeholders in managing pneumoconiosis in the USA: a cross-sectional analysis'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5784. After years of decline, pneumoconiosis in coal miners (black lung) is rising in the USA. Providing specialized care for miners living in rural communities is a challenge. A Miners’ Wellness TeleECHO (Extension for Community Health Outcomes) Clinic was developed to provide structured ...telementoring to professionals caring for miners, including clinicians, respiratory therapists, home health professionals and others. This study demonstrates the success of the virtual multidisciplinary community of practice in sharing information and skills within and across stakeholder groups, with the goal of ensuring the delivery of high-quality interdisciplinary care to miners in pneumoconiosis mortality hotspots in the USA. Project ECHO See more

09.01.2022 3/7 'Psychosocial predictors of adverse outcomes in rural heart failure caregivers'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/6497. This study examined whether social support, problem solving and family function predicted depressive symptoms, caregiving-related life changes, self-care and caregiver burden in rural heart failure caregivers. It also compared differences in these variables between rural and urban caregivers. Findings suggest important considerations for reducing burden and improving outcomes for rural heart failure caregivers. Joan Grant FSU Nursing Heart Health Research Florida State University College of Nursing

07.01.2022 20/11 'Health service access and utilisation amongst culturally and linguistically diverse populations in regional South Australia: a qualitative study'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5694. Over the past few decades, Australia's population and multicultural landscape have changed significantly. The growing population of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) groups requires changes in the provision of health services to meet their special health needs. This qualitative study explored the perspectives of health providers and community members about factors affecting access to, and utilisation of, health services among CALD populations in the south and east regions of the South Australia.

06.01.2022 2/7 'Researching ‘others’'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/6819. The medical literature is replete with examples of studies about groups in which researchers from the 'outside' present and discuss their findings without any reflection of the views of those who have been researched. RRH has taken the decision that an article about people in any country or region without authors from that country or region will not be published and a recent RRH article provides an excellent example of how communities can be meaningfully engaged in research. This Editorial is a call to the international health science community to develop and adopt research and publication policies so that there is nothing about us without us.

06.01.2022 2/10 'Functional dependence among older adults: a cross-sectional study with a rural population of southern Brazil'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5985. Despite the aging population in Brazil, little is known about the occurrence of functional dependency in rural older adults. This cross-sectional study estimated a high prevalence of functional dependency among community-dwelling older adults in a rural area in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil.

05.01.2022 18/9 'COVID-19 leads to physically severe experiences for the rural elderly in Japan, during Obon'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/6379. The COVID-19 pandemic has not only been affecting people's health, but has also had negative impacts on social interaction. This Letter to the editor reports on the experiences of elderly rural people in Japan preparing for the celebration of Obon (a traditional Japanese holiday week in August) during the pandemic.

04.01.2022 19/8 'What factors shape doctors’ trustworthiness? Patients’ perspectives in the context of hypertension care in rural Tanzania'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5826. There is increasing evidence that improving patient trust in doctors can improve patients' use of healthcare services, compliance and continuing engagement with care particularly for chronic diseases. However, few studies on this issue have been conducted among rural populations in low-in...come Africa, where health service delivery, cultural norms and patient expectations differ from those in high-income countries. This study examined patients' perspectives of factors that shape doctors' trustworthiness in rural Tanzania in the context of hypertension care. @kaisa079 SPHCM School of Public Health and Community Medicine UNSW Australia Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences @groups/medicalassociationtanzania See more

03.01.2022 29/7 'COVID-19 quarantine camps in Nepal a dire and despondent state'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/6240. Lockdown in India and Nepal in response to the COVID-19 outbreak resulted in a mass exodus of Nepalese migrant workers from India to Nepal. To limit the spread of COVID-19, the government of Nepal adopted quarantine measures. Schools, temples, and public spaces at the border between India and Nepal were converted into makeshift quarantine camps. The quarantine camps are now too overpopulated for social distancing, there is a lack of food, shelter, hygiene and sanitation and medical attention is very limited, leading to delays in diagnosis and adverse events including death. @Antagonist alok

02.01.2022 2/7 'Factors influencing antenatal care attendance for Bakiga and Indigenous Batwa women in Kanungu District, Southwestern Uganda'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/6510. The number of maternal deaths remains high in sub-Saharan Africa. Although improved antenatal care (ANC) service provision has been prioritized across the region, research is limited on the ANC experiences of Indigenous women. This study describes ANC attendance patterns at a hospital, and characterizes factors influencing attendance among Bakiga and Indigenous Batwa women in Kanungu District, Uganda. University of Alberta School of Public Health

02.01.2022 29/9 'Indigenous Youth Mentorship Program: a descriptive case study of implementation in Alberta, Canada'. Available at: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5919. The Indigenous Youth Mentorship program is a Canadian health promotion initiative designed to reduce chronic disease risk factors, and improve health and well-being for Indigenous youth. This project report draws on a case study approach to describe the implementation of an Indigenous Youth Mentorship Program First Nations community schools in the province of Alberta. It provides information for development and implementation of similar programs health promotion programs for Indigenous youth in Canada and internationally. University of Alberta School of Public Health