Tolga Natural Therapies in Tolga, Queensland | Reflexologist
Tolga Natural Therapies
Locality: Tolga, Queensland
Phone: +61 429 794 077
Address: 33 Kennedy Highway 4882 Tolga, QLD, Australia
Website: http://www.tolganaturaltherapies.abmp.com
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25.01.2022 SACRO-ILIAC JOINTS AND PUBIC SYMPHYSIS WITH ASSOCIATED LIGAMENTS A. The posterior half of a coronally sectioned pelvic girdle and its sacro-iliac joints are ...shown. The strong interosseous sacro-iliac ligaments lie deep (antero-inferior) to the posterior sacro-iliac ligaments and consist of shorter fibers connecting the tuberosity of the sacrum to the tuberosity of the ilium, suspending the sacrum from the ilia (left and right ilium) like the central portion of a suspension bridge suspended from the pylons at each end. B. CT scan of the synovial and syndesmotic portions of the sacro-iliac joint. C. Because the articulating surfaces are irregular and slightly oblique, the anterior and posterior parts of the joint appear separately in an AP radiograph. D. The weight of the body is transmitted to the sacrum anterior to the axis of rotation at the sacro-iliac joint. The tendency for increased weight or force to rotate the upper sacrum anteriorly and inferiorly is resisted by the strong sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments anchoring the inferior sacrum and coccyx to the ischium.
25.01.2022 Membership renewals for the 2020-2021 Membership Year are now due! For those renewing, dont forget if your payment is received by the 1st of July you are eligible for the RENEWAL BONUS! https://www.reflexology.org.au/membership-renewals-info
24.01.2022 BRANCHES OF FACIAL NERVE CN VII, the facial nerve, has a motor root and a sensory/parasympathetic root (the latter being the intermediate nerve). The motor r...oot of CN VII supplies the muscles of facial expression, including the superficial muscle of the neck (platysma), auricular muscles, scalp muscles, and certain other muscles derived from mesoderm in the embryonic second pharyngeal arch. Following a circuitous route through the temporal bone, CN VII emerges from the cranium through the stylomastoid foramen located between the mastoid and styloid processes. It immediately gives off the posterior auricular nerve, which passes posterosuperior to the auricle of the ear to supply the auricularis posterior and occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle. The main trunk of CN VII runs anteriorly and is engulfed by the parotid gland, in which it forms the parotid plexus. This plexus gives rise to the five terminal branches of the facial nerve: temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical. The names of the branches refer to the regions they supply. The temporal branch of CN VII emerges from the superior border of the parotid gland and crosses the zygomatic arch to supply the auricularis superior and auricularis anterior; the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis; and, most important, the superior part of the orbicularis oculi. The zygomatic branch of CN VII passes via two or three branches superior and mainly inferior to the eye to supply the inferior part of the orbicularis oculi and other facial muscles inferior to the orbit. The buccal branch of CN VII passes external to the buccinator to supply this muscle and the muscles of the upper lip (upper parts of orbicularis oris and inferior fibers of levator labii superioris). The marginal mandibular branch of CN VII supplies the risorius and muscles of the lower lip and chin. It emerges from the inferior border of the parotid gland and crosses the inferior border of the mandible deep to the platysma to reach the face. In approximately 20% of people, this branch passes inferior to the angle of the mandible. The cervical branch of CN VII passes inferiorly from the inferior border of the parotid gland and runs posterior to the mandible to supply the platysma. Cutaneous branches from the geniculate ganglion accompany the auricular branch of the vagus nerve to skin on both sides of the auricle, in the region of the concha. Although not evident anatomically, their existence is most evident through clinical manifestations.
24.01.2022 Aromatherapy diffusers ($40.00) and essential oil blends available as well as healthcare products such as medicated lozenges. Biodegradable cleaning and laundry products are also available and we also still have a few 50ml hand sanitisers in stock. Rawleighs healthcare products available including Medicated Ointment and Antiseptic Salve.
24.01.2022 MUSCLES OF MASTICATION TMJ movements are produced chiefly by the muscles of mastication. These four muscles (temporal, masseter, and medial and lateral ...pterygoid muscles) develop from the mesoderm of the embryonic first pharyngeal arch. Consequently, they are all innervated by the nerve of that arch, the (motor root of the) mandibular nerve (CN V 3). Studies indicate that the superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle is active during the retraction movement produced by the posterior fibers of the temporalis. Traction is applied to the articular disc so that it is not pushed posteriorly ahead of the retracting mandible. Generally, depression of the mandible is produced by gravity. The suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are strap-like muscles on each side of the neck. They are primarily used to raise and depress the hyoid bone and larynx, respectivelyfor example, during swallowing. Indirectly, they can also help depress the mandible, especially when opening the mouth suddenly, against resistance, or when inverted (e.g., standing on one’s head). The platysma can be similarly used.
24.01.2022 FROZEN SHOULDER - CAN MASSAGE AND EXERCISE HELP? Frozen shoulder is a condition where an individual will experience pain and stiffness in the shoulder and is ...not able to lift the arm over the head. Frozen shoulder causes stiffness and restricted range of movement in the shoulder. This condition is medically known as "adhesive capsulitis." However, the adhesive capsulitis is a specific condition where there is a slow onset of stiffness and pain in one shoulder due to inflammation and tightening of the joint capsule. Usually the terms frozen shoulder and adhesive capsulitis are used alternately. PHASES Clinical presentation is typically in three overlapping phases: Phase 1 lasting 2 months to 9 months. Painful phase, with progressive and increasing pain on movement. Pain tends to be constant and diagnosis in the early stages before movement is lost can be difficult. Phase 2 lasting 4 months to 12 months. Stiffening or freezing, where there is gradual reduction of pain but stiffness persists with considerable restriction in range of motion. Pain pattern changes from constant to end range pain of reduced intensity. Phase 3 lasting 12 months to 42 months. Resolution or thawing phase, where there is improvement in range of motion with resolution of stiffness. End range pain may persist until full resolution. TREATMENT In most of the cases adhesive capsulitis resolves on its own over a period of a year to year-and-a-half. Treatment for adhesive capsulitis basically focuses on alleviating pain and trying to preserve as much range of motion as possible in the affected shoulder. EXERCISE Stretching exercises are usually the cornerstone of treating frozen shoulder. Here are just a few. 1. Cross-body arm stretch 2. Pendulum stretch 3. Arm circles 4. Towel stretch MASSAGE Massage therapy is very beneficial in treating frozen shoulder as it increases the blood circulation to the injured region and also reduces the formation of scar tissue. Regular massage should be done to reduce the muscle stiffness. The pain and stiffness usually gets relieved after several massage treatments. There are various combinations of techniques done by a professional massage therapist, which provide relief from shoulder pain and help in the recovery stage. DEEP TISSUE MASSAGE One of the common techniques used to treat frozen shoulder is deep-tissue massage. In this technique, the massage therapist applies constant pressure to the muscles in order to release the scar tissue or adhesions, which may be causing the shoulder pain. Shiatsu is a Japanese form of deep-tissue massage, which involves deep pressure on certain regions of the body. These are called acupressure points and helps in controlling the energy flow ("Ki" in Japanese) across the body and thus results in decrease in pain. Deep-tissue massage techniques should not be done in case of acute shoulder pain, swelling or inflammation, as it may aggravate the condition. TRIGGER POINT THERAPY Trigger point therapy is another massage technique, which benefits the frozen shoulder. In this technique, a steady pressure is applied on certain targeted points within the muscles. This helps in relieving the muscle spasms. HEAT THERAPY Heat therapy is also very helpful in treating the frozen shoulder. It can be applied before or after a massage. Heat therapy can be also done for trigger point massage for frozen shoulder. It helps in relaxing the muscles and decreasing pain. Mild heat can be applied for multiple times daily using pads, which are heated an hour before application. source: Harvard Medical School, British Orthopaedic Association.
23.01.2022 SPINAL MENINGES AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) Collectively, the spinal dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater surrounding the spinal cord constitute the s...pinal meninges. These membranes surround, support, and protect the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots, including those of the cauda equina, and contain the CSF in which these structures are suspended. Spinal cord, spinal nerves, and spinal meninges. Three membranes (the spinal meninges) cover the spinal cord: dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. As the spinal nerve roots extend toward an IV foramen, they are surrounded by a dural root sheath (sleeve) that is continuous distally with the epineurium of the spinal nerve.
23.01.2022 THE FIVE JOINTS OF THE SHOULDER Right shoulder, anterior view. A total of five joints contribute to the wide range of arm motions at the shoulder joint. There... are three true shoulder joints and two functional articulations: True joints: 1. Sternoclavicular joint 2. Acromioclavicular joint 3. Glenohumeral joint Functional articulations: 4. Subacromial space: a space lined with bursae (subacromial and subdeltoid bursae) that allows gliding between the acromion and the rotator cuff (muscular cuff of the glenohumeral joint, consisting of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor muscles, which press the head of the humerus into the glenoid cavity. 5. Scapulothoracic joint: loose connective tissue between the subscapularis and serratus anterior muscles that allows gliding of the scapula on the chest wall. Besides the true joints and functional articulations, the two ligamentous attachments between the clavicle and first rib (costoclavicular ligament) and between the clavicle and coracoid process (coracoclavicular ligament) contribute to the mobility of the upper limb. All of these structures together comprise a functional unit, and free mobility in all the joints is necessary to achieve a full range of motion. This expansive mobility is gained at the cost of stability, however. Since the shoulder has a loose capsule and weak reinforcing ligaments, it must rely on the stabilizing effect of the rotator cuff tendons. As the upper limb changed in mammalian evolution from an organ of support to one of manipulation, the soft tissues and their pathology assumed increasing importance. As a result, a large percentage of shoulder disorders involve the soft tissues. Would you like to find out more about human anatomy, physiology and pathology? Stay tuned and make sure you turned on notification on Healthy Street and see all posts and updates.
22.01.2022 TIBIALIS ANTERIOR TENDONITIS - SYMPTOMS, CAUSES, TREATMENT OPTIONS WHAT IS TIBIALIS ANTERIOR TENDONITIS? The tibialis anterior is a muscle which lies at th...e front of the shin and attaches to several bones in the foot via the tibialis anterior tendon. The tibialis anterior is primarily responsible for moving the foot and ankle towards the head (dorsiflexion figure 1), and, controlling the foot as it lowers to the ground during walking or running. Whenever the tibialis anterior muscle contracts or is stretched, tension is placed through the tibialis anterior tendon. If this tension is excessive due to too much repetition or high force, damage to the tendon can occur. Tibialis anterior tendonitis is a condition whereby there is damage to the tibialis anterior tendon with subsequent inflammation and degeneration. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF TIBIALIS ANTERIOR TENDONITIS Patients with tibialis anterior tendonitis usually experience pain at the front of the shin, ankle or foot during activities which place large amounts of stress on the tibialis anterior tendon (or after these activities with rest, especially upon waking in the morning). These activities may include walking or running excessively (especially up or down hills or on hard or uneven surfaces), kicking an object with toes pointed (e.g. a football), wearing excessively tight shoes or kneeling. The pain associated with this condition tends to be of gradual onset which progressively worsens over weeks or months with continuation of aggravating activities. Patients with this condition may also experience pain on firmly touching the tibialis anterior tendon. CAUSES OF TIBIALIS ANTERIOR TENDONITIS Tibialis anterior tendonitis typically occurs due to activities placing large amounts of stress through the tibialis anterior muscle. These activities may include fast walking or running (especially up or downhill or on hard or uneven surfaces) or sporting activity (such as running or kicking sports). Patients may also develop this condition following direct rubbing on the tibialis anterior tendon. This may occur due to excessive tightness of strapping or shoelaces over the tendon. TREATMENT OPTIONS Treatment for patients with tibialis anterior tendonitis is vital to hasten the healing process, ensure an optimal outcome and reduce the likelihood of injury recurrence. Treatment may comprise: - soft tissue massage - electrotherapy (e.g. ultrasound) - anti-inflammatory advice - stretches - joint mobilization - dry needling - ankle taping - bracing - the use of crutches - ice or heat treatment - exercises to improve strength, flexibility and balance - education - activity modification advice - biomechanical correction - footwear advice - a gradual return to activity program EXERCISES The following exercises are commonly prescribed to patients with this condition. You should discuss the suitability of these exercises with your physiotherapist prior to beginning them. Generally, they should be performed 3 times daily and only provided they do not cause or increase symptoms. Your physiotherapist can advise when it is appropriate to begin the initial exercises and eventually progress to the advanced and self massage exercises. As a general rule, addition of exercises or progression to more advanced exercises should take place provided there is no increase in symptoms. Foot and Ankle Up and Down Move your foot and ankle up and down as far as possible and comfortable without pain (figure 2). Repeat 10 20 times provided there is no increase in symptoms. Foot and Ankle In and Out Move your foot and ankle in and out as far as possible and comfortable without pain (figure 3). Repeat 10 -20 times provided there is no increase in symptoms. Reference: Physio Advisor
22.01.2022 We are excited to announce that we will be including Caruso’s products to our range at Tolga Natural Therapies. Caruso’s are a great brand who aim to support health and wellbeing in people’s lives. Drop in to see our range and to hear more about their products.
22.01.2022 DEEP FASCIA OF FOOT A. The skin and subcutaneous tissue have been removed to demonstrate the deep fascia of the leg and dorsum of the foot. B. The deep pla...ntar fascia consists of the thick plantar aponeurosis and the thinner medial and lateral plantar fascia. Thinner parts of the plantar fascia have been removed, revealing the plantar digital vessels and nerves. C. The bones and muscles of the foot are surrounded by the deep dorsal and plantar fascia. A large central and smaller medial and lateral compartments of the sole are created by intermuscular septa that extend deeply from the plantar aponeurosis.
22.01.2022 This is funny. Massage with social distancing.
22.01.2022 MYOFASCIAL RELEASE VS. CRANIOSACRAL THERAPY What is Craniosacral Therapy? Craniosacral therapy is a method of alternative medicine used by massage therapists,... naturopaths, chiropractors and osteopaths, who manually apply a subtle movement of the spinal and cranial bones to bring the central nervous system into harmony. This therapy involves assessing and addressing the movement of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which can be restricted by trauma to the body, such as through falls, accidents, and general nervous tension. By gently working with the spine, the skull and its cranial sutures, diaphragms, and fascia, the restrictions of nerve passages are eased, the movement of CSF through the spinal cord can be optimized, and misaligned bones can be restored to their proper position. This therapy is said to be particularly useful for mental stress, neck and back pain, migraines, TMJ Syndrome, and for chronic nervous conditions such as fibromyalgia. What is Myofascial Release? Myofascial Release is a gentle therapy that consists of a mixture of light stretching and massage work. During a session, the therapist will apply hands-on massage strokes in order to release tension from the bands of the muscles, bones, nerves and joints, by unblocking any scar tissue or adhesions due to injury in the muscles and surrounding tissues. The theory of myofascial release requires an understanding of the fascial system (or connective tissue, which is not to be confused with the word facial). The fascia is a specialized system of the body that has an appearance similar to a spiders web or a sweater. Lets educate our clients too. Share this post with them if you think they will benefit from this knowledge.
22.01.2022 CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME AND PHALENS TEST What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome? Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition in which the median nerve, a major nerve in the... upper extremity that travels down the arm and enters the hand through a very small gap called carpal tunnel located in the central part of the wrist, gets compressed in the carpal tunnel. This causes irritation of the nerve leading to tingling or pain. Typically, this disease affects the thumb, index, and middle fingers. Athletes participating in golf, bowling and tennis are generally affected with carpal tunnel syndrome though the most common cause remains keyboarding activity. The main cause of carpal tunnel syndrome is pressure on the median nerve, which may occur due to swelling or any other injury resulting in narrowing of the size of the carpal tunnel. Carpal tunnel syndrome causes numbness, weakness, pain, or tingling in the hand or fingers. Some individuals experience pain in the arm between their elbow and hand. Carpal tunnel syndrome is first treated by conservative method. The general treatment includes complete rest for the wrist by wearing a splint. Cold therapy helps a lot to relieve the swelling and inflammation. Physiotherapy for carpal tunnel syndrome is important in speeding up the healing process and to get the optimal results. Physiotherapy also decreases the likelihood of recurrences in the future. Physiotherapy may include: Soft tissue massage Electrotherapy Joint mobilization Heat and ice treatments Bracing or splinting Exercises to improve strength and flexibility Activity modification and training Appropriate plan for return to activity PHALENS TEST This test for CTS or Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is also known as wrist-flexion test. During the test which is known as Phalens Test, the patient is asked to flex his wrist for about 60 seconds and ask to report all the symptoms patient experiences. This CTS test has been described in several positions. G.A. Phalen reported in the year 1966 that when the patient held his forearm vertically and let his wrist drop at 90 degrees. Alternately, the wrist can be made to hang down while the arm is held horizontally. Another way of performing this test is to hold both the wrists at 90 degrees flexion against each other with the elbows being flexed too. The fingers will also be pointing in the patients direction. The Reverse Phalens test is one where the patient is made to hold their wrist and fingers, which are fully extended and experiences symptoms which indicate or confirm the diagnosis of CTS or carpal tunnel syndrome.
22.01.2022 BICEPS TENDONITIS What is Biceps Tendonitis? The biceps muscle has two heads, simply named the long head and the short head. With biceps tendinitis, its us...ually the long head (which attaches to the top front of the shoulder) that gets injured. The long head tendon attaches to the shoulder joint capsule, and it is very near other important shoulder structures, such as your rotator cuff. When the biceps tendon has any kind of abnormal or excessive stress, it may get inflamed. This includes excessive tension (pulling), compression (pinching), or shearing. If this happens repetitively, your bodys ability to heal itself may lag compared to these stresses, and this can lead to pain and injury via inflammation and swelling. Risk Factors for Biceps Tendonitis: 1. Repetitive overhead movements. 2. Poor movement mechanics and posture. 3. Weakness in the rotator cuff. 4. Age-related changes. 5. Abrupt increase in upper body exercise routine. How Do You Know If You Have Biceps Tendonitis? People with biceps tendonitis often have a deep ache in the front of the shoulder. More specifically, pain is usually localized at the bicipital groove. Sometimes pain can radiate distally down the arm. Symptoms will usually come on with overhead motions, pulling, lifting, or the follow-through of a throwing motion. Instability of the shoulder may also present as a palpable or audible snap when shoulder motion occurs. Common Symptoms of Biceps Tendonitis: 1. Sharp pain in the front of your shoulder when you reach overhead. 2. Tenderness to touch at the front of your shoulder. 3. Dull, achy pain at the front of the shoulder, especially following activity. 4. Weakness felt around the shoulder joint, usually experienced when lifting or carrying objects, or reaching overhead. 5. A sensation of catching or clicking in the front of the shoulder with movement. 6. Pain when throwing a ball. 7. Difficulty with daily activities, such as reaching behind your back to tuck in your shirt, or putting dishes away in an overhead cabinet. Finding a health practitioner who is a skilled manual therapist may help speed up your recovery. Manual therapy is great to loosen tight muscles, mobilize stiff joints, and improve the blood flow in target areas. Treatment Plan Step 1: Reduce Inflammation The first step that any health practitioner should take is to relieve any possible inflammation. Rest and cold compress will help to reduce inflammation and begin the healing process. Step 2: Range of Motion Once the pain has begun to subside, you should start to work on improving your pain-free range of motion. This will include not only the glenohumeral joint, which is what most people think of when they think of the shoulder, but also the neck, trunk, scapula (shoulder blade). If you have adequate flexibility in all of these other parts of your body, your glenohumeral joint wont have to work as hard. Two important ranges of motion for the shoulder include: flexion and internal rotation. You should be able to reach all the way overhead (full flexion) and have full internal rotation without pain. Having tight muscles in the back of your shoulder can lead to increased stress at the front of your shoulder, right where your biceps tendon is. Step 3: Build Strength Early in your recovery, you can work on pain-free strengthening of the muscles in the shoulder as well as the back muscles that support the shoulder. The rotator cuff muscles help to stabilize and protect the glenohumeral joint, so any basic shoulder-conditioning program should begin with these. You also want to focus on stabilizing your scapula, which is the base that the humerus moves on. The shoulder girdle must be strong and stable enough to transfer all the forces between your arm and your body, and it must also be mobile enough to move with the humerus to allow for full range of motion. Step 4: Functional Training Once youve started the healing process, significantly decreased inflammation, gained full range of motion, and have started strengthening, youre ready for functional training. This is the last and most rewarding part of rehab because youre now training to regain full strength and function. You move with your entire body in a coordinated fashion, whether you want to return to playing baseball or carry a basket of laundry. If you move improperly (PTs refer to this as aberrant motion), this places increased stress to your tissues, which can lead to damage over time. So, even if your diagnosis is biceps tendonitis, a good physical therapist will know to treat the entire body. Whatever your goal is after physical therapy, your treatment should teach you to move more efficiently and optimally prepare you to return to your normal life.
21.01.2022 Need Gift Ideas for Christmas? At Tolga Natural Therapies we have a wide variety of products and services. With a great range of Australian products and gift cards available you may be able to find just what your looking for this Christmas.
21.01.2022 WHY ARE THE PSOAS MUSCLES CONSTANTLY CONTRACTED DURING PROLONGED PERIODS OF STRESS? Whether you run, bike, dance, practice yoga, or just hang out on your couc...h, your psoas muscles are involved. That’s because your psoas muscles are the primary connectors between your torso and your legs. They affect your posture and help to stabilise your spine. The psoas muscles are made of both slow and fast twitching muscles. Because they are major flexors, weak psoas muscles can cause many of the surrounding muscles to compensate and become overused. That is why a tight or overstretched psoas muscle could be the cause of many or your aches and pains, including low back and pelvic pain. ANATOMY Structurally, your psoas muscles are the deepest muscles in your core. They attach from your 12th thoracic vertebrae to your 5 lumbar vertebrae, through your pelvis and then finally attach to your femurs. In fact, they are the only muscles that connect your spine to your legs. Your psoas muscles allow you to bend your hips and legs towards your chest, for example when you are going up stairs. They also help to move your leg forward when you walk or run. Your psoas muscles are the muscles that flex your trunk forward when bend over to pick up something from the floor. They also stabilize your trunk and spine during movement and sitting. THE PSOAS AND FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE The psoas muscles support your internal organs and work like hydraulic pumps allowing blood and lymph to be pushed in and out of your cells. Your psoas muscles are vital not only to your structural well-being, but also to your psychological well-being because of their connection to your breath. Here’s why: there are two tendons for the diaphragm (called the crura) that extend down and connect to the spine alongside where the psoas muscles attach. One of the ligaments (the medial arcuate) wraps around the top of each psoas. Also, the diaphragm and the psoas muscles are connected through fascia that also connects the other hip muscles. These connections between the psoas muscle and the diaphragm literally connect your ability to walk and breathe, and also how you respond to fear and excitement. That’s because, when you are startled or under stress, your psoas contracts. In other words, your psoas has a direct influence on your fight or flight response! During prolonged periods of stress, your psoas is constantly contracted. The same contraction occurs when you: sit for long periods of time engage in excessive running or walking sleep in the fetal position do a lot of sit-ups Here are some tips for getting your psoas back in balance: Avoid sitting for extended periods Add support to your car seat Try Resistance Flexibility exercises Get a professional massage Release stress and past traumas Stretch HOW TO STRETCH Roller Psoas Stretch Use a foam roller for this passive, relaxing stretch that lengthens your psoas, one of your deep hip flexors. 1. Place the roller perpendicular to your spine and lie with your sacrum (the back of your pelvis) not your spine on the roller. 2. Pull your left knee toward your chest, keeping your right heel on the ground. You should feel a stretch on the front of your right hip. 3. To increase the stretch, reach your right arm over your head and open your left knee slightly out to the left. Hold for 30 seconds, then switch legs. Repeat as needed.
21.01.2022 SUPRASPINATUS EXAMINATION AND TRIGGER POINTS As part of the Rotator Cuff, supraspinatus helps to resist the gravitational forces which act on the shoulder jo...int to pull from the weight of the upper limb downward. It also helps to stabilize the shoulder joint by keeping the head of the humerus firmly pressed medially against the glenoid fossa of the scapula. Supraspinatus is commonly thought to be instrumental in the initiation of shoulder abduction. A study in 2011 used electromyography to study the levels of activity in the shoulder muscles during flexion and found that supraspinatus was consistently recruited prior to movement of the limb at all loads; the authors concluded that Posterior rotator cuff muscles appear to be counterbalancing anterior translational forces produced during flexion and it would appear that supraspinatus is one of the muscles that consistently 'initiates' flexion. Test for Supraspinatus: The Empty Can Test, along with the Full Can Test is a commonly used orthopedic examination test for supraspinatus impingement or integrity of the supraspinatus muscle and tendon. The test is usually easier in sitting or standing. On the side to be tested the one of the examiner’s hands stabilizes shoulder girdle. The arm to be tested is moved into 90 degrees of abduction in the plane of the scapula (approximately 30 degrees of forward flexion), full internal rotation with the thumb pointing down as if emptying a beverage can. The examiner’s other hand applies downward pressure on the superior aspect of the distal forearm and the patient resists. The Empty Can Test is considered positive if there is significant pain and/or weakness. Supraspinatus Trigger Points and Referred Pain The supraspinatus muscle has two trigger points, one at each end of the muscle belly. Typically both of these trigger points are equally and simultaneously active. Pain from the supraspinatus trigger points is referred to the outside of the shoulder and elbow. In my personal experience, the elbow referral on the lateral epicondyle is more prominent during release of the supraspinatus trigger points. This pain pattern will occasionally include a forearm component as well. What Causes Supraspinatus Trigger Points? Trigger points in the supraspinatus are most frequently caused by activities that require loading of the arm, especially when the arm is hanging down to the side. Examples include: carrying a heavy suitcase moving heavy furniture overtraining in resistance training exercises such as the inclined bench press and military press working with arms overhead for long periods, such as when painting a ceiling long hours of typing at a keyboard with no elbow support
20.01.2022 A massive thank you to Signhub - Printing & Signs, for our new sign. And a shout out to Bree from BizOffsider for arranging the sign design. Very happy with how it has all come together #supportlocal #localbusiness #TolgaNaturalTherapies
19.01.2022 CONGRATULATIONS to Anita Smith for making it into the Whyalla Newspaper in S.A. Anita was the winner of our Trevor Steele Award in 2019, an award students lear...ning Reflexology can be nominated for in recognition of their enthusiasm, perseverance and aptitude displayed in learning Reflexology. Since completing her studies, we have seen Anita go from strength to strength with her generous community volunteering, displays of business initiative and high professional standards. Anita your success is well deserved and we are very lucky to have you as a representative of our wonderful modality <3
19.01.2022 SHAPES OF SKELETAL MUSCLES 1. Parallel or fusiform: as their name implies their fibers run parallel to each other. These muscles contract over a great dist...ance and usually have good endurance but are not very strong. Examples: Sartorius muscle and rectus abdominus muscle. 2. Convergent: the muscle fibers converge on the insertion to maximize the force of muscle contraction. Examples: Deltoideus muscle and Pectoralis Major muscle. 3. pennate: many fibers per unit area. These types of muscles are strong but they tie or quickly. There are three types of pennate muscle. unipennate bipennate multipennete 4. Circular: the muscle fibers surrounded opening to act as a sphincter. Examples: Orbicularis oris and Orbicularis oculi muscles. 5. fusiform: some texts classify parallel muscles that are slightly wider in their middle (spindle shaped) as fusiform. This term will not be used in this course.
18.01.2022 PECTORALIS MINOR TRIGGER POINT REFERRAL Trigger points in the Pectoralis Minor (PMi) can also create pain in and around the shoulder. The quintessential refe...rence point for anything myofascial and trigger point related is Simons and Travell (1999). They describe a pain referral pattern of PMi as pain mostly over the anterior deltoid area and spilling over into the subclavicular and pectoral regions. The pain may extend down the medial aspect of the arm, forearm, and into the ulnar distribution of the hand and the third, fourth, and fifth digits. Lawson et al (2011) presented a case study on how PMi trigger points created pain similar to angina in a cross country skier. Meanwhile, Fitzgerald (2012) presented a case whereby tightness in PMi can also be a causative factor in thoracic outlet syndrome. Thoracic outlet syndrome is the result of compression or irritation of neurovascular bundles as they pass from the lower cervical spine into the arm, via the axilla. If the PMi muscle is involved, the patient may present with chest pain, along with pain and paraesthesia into the arm. The symptoms were reproduced on both digital pressure over the PMi muscle and on provocative testing for thoracic outlet syndrome. Treatment therefore should focus on the PMi muscle. Reference and graphics: Sports Injury Bulletin
18.01.2022 This morning at our October meeting we drew a $100 board fundraiser and the number was 35 won by Desiree Siemon from Into Curtains and Blinds in Tolga Congratulations Desiree
18.01.2022 SYNOVIAL SHEATHS AND TENDONS OF HAND A. Observe that the six synovial tendon sheaths (purple) occupy six osseofibrous tunnels formed by attachments of the ex...tensor retinaculum to the ulna and especially the radius, which give passage to 12 tendons of nine extensor muscles. The tendon of the extensor digitorum to the little finger is shared between the ring finger and continues to the little finger via an intertendinous connection. It then receives additional fibers from the tendon of the extensor digiti minimi. Such variations are common. Numbers refer to the labeled osseofibrous tunnels shown in part B. B. This slightly oblique transverse section of the distal end of the forearm shows the extensor tendons traversing the six osseofibrous tunnels deep to the extensor retinaculum.
17.01.2022 ANATOMY OF LEVATOR SCAPULAE
15.01.2022 NECK, SHOULDER & BACK PAIN AS A RESULT OF CARRYING YOUR HANDBAG ON ONE SHOULDER WHY SHOULDNT YOU CARRY YOUR HANDBAG THIS WAY? Many women carry their handba...gs on one shoulder, and they tend to favour the dominant, stronger, or non-injured one. Even if the bag is empty and very light, the natural slope of the shoulder means they are going to have to elevate the scapula/shoulder girdle with contraction of the upper shoulders and neck to prevent the bag from sliding off. This isometric contraction overuses and abuses the muscles of the neck. If the bag is heavy, its even worse because a more powerful muscular contraction is needed, and the strap of the bag digs into the musculature of the shoulder, causing direct physical irritation and cutting off local blood circulation. WHERE DOES THE PAIN COME FROM? Due to your bodys efforts to redistribute the extra weight, your muscles tense more and as such become stiff. The trapezius muscle and the muscles that go from your shoulder to the base of your neck, which sits on top of your shoulders, may spasm and therefore tighten, resulting in a lot of stiffness in the upper back, shoulder area and neck. This may lead to pain when turning your head and the development of arthritis in the lower neck. Some may even develop tension headaches from constantly carrying heavy handbags. As the muscles in your shoulder and neck area spasm, it can result in pain from the back of your skull that radiates around to the front. ADVICE Its better to either wear the bag across the body or to use a backpack.
15.01.2022 TYPES OF MENISCUS TEARS The meniscus is a C-shaped tissue between your femur (thigh bone) and your tibia (shin bone). Each knee has a medial (inner side) me...niscus and a lateral (outer side) meniscus. The meniscus is composed of water, collagen, proteins and other cellular elements. The meniscus is a shock absorber that helps optimize force transmission across the knee and protects the cartilage on the end of our femur and tibia. The medial meniscus is also a secondary stabilizer to the ACL as it can prevent anterior translation (forward shifting) of the tibia. Tears in the outer 1/3 of the meniscus (red zone) have healing potential because there is blood flow to that area. However, tears in the inner 2/3 (white zone) generally do not heal well as a result of poor circulation. All meniscus tears do not require surgery. Surgery is indicated if you have mechanical symptoms such as locking. Otherwise, you should try conservative management first. This includes NSAIDs (anti-inflammatories), physical therapy, and finally, injections. If you fail conservative therapy and do not have arthritis, you may then be a candidate for surgery. The goal is always to save as much meniscus as possible, but that is not always possible. Generally, we try to repair the meniscus in younger patients (<40), with more acute tears (<6 weeks), and depending on tear location and pattern (repair is much more successful in longitudinal or bucket handle types and when located in the red zone). Additionally, in patients who are having an ACL reconstructions, repairs are more likely to succeed due to the bleeding created by the reconstruction. Tears in areas of poor blood flow (white zone) and patterns that are not amenable to repair are more likely to be excised (cut out). The more meniscus you lose, the less protection your knee has from the forces it faces. As a result, your knee will develop arthritis at a much faster rate compared to your uninjured knee. Credit: @drnimamehran See more
15.01.2022 PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of nerve fibers and cell bodies outside the CNS that conduct impulses to or away from... the CNS. The PNS is organized into nerves that connect the CNS with peripheral structures. A nerve fiber consists of an axon, its neurolemma (G. neuron, nerve + G. lemma, husk), and surrounding endoneurial connective tissue. The neurolemma consists of the cell membranes of Schwann cells that immediately surround the axon, separating it from other axons. In the PNS, the neurolemma may take two forms, creating two classes of nerve fibers: 1. The neurolemma of myelinated nerve fibers consists of Schwann cells specific to an individual axon, organized into a continuous series of enwrapping cells that form myelin. 2. The neurolemma of unmyelinated nerve fibers is composed of Schwann cells that do not make up such an apparent series; multiple axons are separately embedded within the cytoplasm of each cell. These Schwann cells do not produce myelin. Most fibers in cutaneous nerves (nerves supplying sensation to the skin) are unmyelinated. A nerve consists of the following components: A bundle of nerve fibers outside the CNS (or a bundle of bundled fibers, or fascicles, in the case of a larger nerve). The connective tissue coverings that surround and bind the nerve fibers and fascicles together. The blood vessels (vasa nervorum) that nourish the nerve fibers and their coverings. Nerves are fairly strong and resilient because the nerve fibers are supported and protected by three connective tissue coverings: 1. Endoneurium, delicate connective tissue immediately surrounding the neurilemma cells and axons. 2. Perineurium, a layer of dense connective tissue that encloses a fascicle of nerve fibers, providing an effective barrier against penetration of the nerve fibers by foreign substances. 3. Epineurium, a thick connective tissue sheath that surrounds and encloses a bundle of fascicles, forming the outermost covering of the nerve; it includes fatty tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatics. Nerves are organized much like a telephone cable: The axons are like individual wires insulated by the neurolemma and endoneurium; the insulated wires are bundled by the perineurium, and the bundles are surrounded by the epineurium forming the cable’s outer wrapping. It is important to distinguish between nerve fibers and nerves, which are sometimes depicted diagrammatically as being one and the same. A collection of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS constitutes a ganglion. There are both motor (autonomic) and sensory ganglia.
15.01.2022 IT MAY BE TERES MINOR PROBLEM NOT BURSITIS Muscular problems in the teres minor muscle can mimic and feel like bursitis in your shoulder. It is a small muscle... that teams up with three other muscles infraspinatus, supraspinatus, subscapularis to form the rotator cuff. ANATOMY FACTS ORIGIN Upper two-thirds of the lateral margin of the scapula INSERTION Greater tubercle of the humerus ACTION External rotation and adduction of the arm. Support of the infraspinatus with the outward rotation of the arm. Stabilisation of the shoulder joint during movement. This means it works to keep the head of the humerus in its socket. PAIN PATTERNS Trigger points in your teres minor can make it ache right at the location of these spots, but also send pain to other, more distant parts of your body. If your teres minor contains trigger points, it will mainly give you pain at the side of your shoulder. Beside that, pain can radiate slightly into the backside of your arm. Because of this, it can contribute to back of shoulder pain. In general, the movements that will cause pain or that may be impaired are the ones where you rotate your shoulder outwards and reach backwards like putting on your jacket. Problems in the teres minor rarely occur alone but rather in combination with other muscles of your shoulder joint that have similar functions. SELF-MASSAGE WITH A TENNIS BALL To massage the teres minor I recommend using a massage ball or a tennis ball. Place the ball on the muscle and on the outer edge/border of your shoulder blade, respectively. Then bend your knees and lean against a wall. Slowly roll over the muscle and search for tender muscle tissue. Massage each painful spot with a couple of rolling motions.
15.01.2022 EXTENSOR POLLICIS BREVIS Anatomical snuff box. A. When the thumb is extended, a triangular hollow appears between the tendon of the extensor pollicis longu...s (EPL) medially and the tendons of the extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) and abductor pollicis longus (APL) laterally. B. The floor of the snuff box, formed by the scaphoid and trapezium bones, is crossed by the radial artery as it passes diagonally from the anterior surface of the radius to the dorsal surface of the hand.
14.01.2022 HEADACHE AT THE BACK OF THE HEAD There are many different types of headaches. One of the more common headaches is the suboccipital headache. At the base of th...e skull there is a group of muscles, the suboccipital muscles, which can cause headache pain for many people. These four pairs of muscles are responsible for subtle movements between the skull and first and second vertebrae in the neck. When the suboccipital muscles go into spasms they can entrap the nerves that travel through the suboccipital region. By compressing the suboccipital nerves they set off a series of events that lead to either a tension or a migraine like headaches. CAUSES The suboccipital muscles commonly become tense and tender due to factors such as - Eye strain, wearing new eyeglasses. - Sitting at a computer with our head forward and our head slightly tipped these muscles are doing a significant amount of work. This poor posture eventually causes the muscles to become tired, fatigue, and injured. - Grinding the teeth, slouching posture, and trauma (such as a whiplash injury). SYMPTOMS Common signs and symptoms of a headache stemming from the suboccipitals include - Pain, stiffness, and a dull ache in the upper neck and base of the skull - Pain on the back of the head, and pain in the forehead and behind the eyes. - Sometimes there may be visual disturbances or nausea, but those tend to be more common in migraine type headaches. TREATMENT People often feel relief when icing, stretching, or rubbing the suboccipital muscles. In the early stages rubbing the suboccipital region can reduce or eliminate a headache. When the headaches progress often palpating the suboccipital muscles intensifies the headache. Some people feel a tension band or headache that moves towards the eye. When pushing on the suboccipital muscles, it may increase the intensity of eye pain. Suboccipital headaches are improved with over-the-counter NSAIDs, ice, stretching, therapy, electric, ultrasound, and cold laser treatments. Goals of treatment are to decrease muscle spasms of the suboccipital muscles and trapezius. The poor posture of slouching forward and tipping the head up causes additional injury and spasms to the trapezius and upper back muscles. Treatment always looks at improving these muscles as well. Treatment will focus on improving posture when standing and sitting, to relieve stress and strain on the muscles. In addition massage therapy is excellent at decreasing muscle spasms, pain, tenderness, and tension in these muscles. Stretching will be utilized to enhance flexibility. Strengthening exercises will be utilized for the weak muscles of the neck and shoulder complex. Graston Technique is a very effective tool at decreasing the scar tissue and spasms associated with poor posture, headaches, and suboccipital spasms. Often people with suboccipital headaches have had poor posture for many years, and grass and helps decrease the fascial adhesions and scar tissue from years of poor posture.
12.01.2022 MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE LOWER JAW In anatomical terminology, chewing is called mastication. Muscles involved in chewing must be able to exert enough pressure to... bite through and then chew food before it is swallowed. The masseter muscle is the main muscle used for chewing because it elevates the mandible (lower jaw) to close the mouth, and it is assisted by the temporalis muscle, which retracts the mandible. You can feel the temporalis move by putting your fingers to your temple as you chew. Although the masseter and temporalis are responsible for elevating and closing the jaw to break food into digestible pieces, the medial pterygoi and lateral pterygoid muscles provide assistance in chewing and moving food within the mouth. DID YOU KNOW? The strongest muscle based on its weight is the masseter. With all muscles of the jaw working together it can close the teeth with a force as great as 55 pounds (25 kilograms) on the incisors or 200 pounds (90.7 kilograms) on the molars.
12.01.2022 NECK PAIN, HEADACHES OR TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT (TMJ) SYNDROME? [NEUROMUSCULAR INTERACTION BETWEEN SUBOCCIPITAL MUSCLES AND TMJ MUSCLES] The TMJ is a comple...x joint that allows us to open/close our mouth. TMJ disorders do not only create pain and limitations with the jaw. Oftentimes, there are associated issues with the neck, face, and ears. The body is classically divided into systems such as muscular, skeletal, nervous system etc. However, this is a mirage as these systems are all a part of one super-system that works in unison to create function. An excellent example of this is the links between the muscles of the suboccipital region, the jaw muscles and the central nervous system. As you know the suboccipitals are short and have only minor contributions to gross movements of the spine. However, they are loaded with sensory muscle spindles which indicate these muscles have a strong link to the cerebellum and the CNS. Postural distortions that affect the position of the skull and upper cervical vertebrae are immediately relayed to the CNS via these spindle receptors and the ganglion of C2 which is the largest in the body with 49,000 neurons. For comparison, the T4 ganglion has 24 neurons. More neurons = higher speed delivery of information to the brain. The muscles of the jaw include the masseter as well as the deeper pterygoid muscles. They obviously allow for chewing but also have an interesting link to the CNS. The masseter has been shown to spontaneously activate during periods of stress. The masseter will also activate in unison with the subocciptal muscles during sudden postural changes in order to keep the eyes stable on the horizon. The suboccipital and TMJ muscles may not be physically linked but they are absolutely connected in the cerebellum and in most clinical cases. This relationship tells us these muscles have a large role in stress/sympathetic nervous system syndromes as well as global postural regulation. A patient may present with complaints of neck pain, but now we see how we must look globally at posture, TMJ function, vestibular function and stress management! Credit: Stefan Duell
11.01.2022 NECK PAIN, HEADACHES OR TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT (TMJ) SYNDROME? [NEUROMUSCULAR INTERACTION BETWEEN SUBOCCIPITAL MUSCLES AND TMJ MUSCLES] The TMJ is a complex ...joint that allows us to open/close our mouth. TMJ disorders do not only create pain and limitations with the jaw. Oftentimes, there are associated issues with the neck, face, and ears. The body is classically divided into systems such as muscular, skeletal, nervous system etc. However, this is a mirage as these systems are all a part of one super-system that works in unison to create function. An excellent example of this is the links between the muscles of the suboccipital region, the jaw muscles and the central nervous system. As you know the suboccipitals are short and have only minor contributions to gross movements of the spine. However, they are loaded with sensory muscle spindles which indicate these muscles have a strong link to the cerebellum and the CNS. Postural distortions that affect the position of the skull and upper cervical vertebrae are immediately relayed to the CNS via these spindle receptors and the ganglion of C2 which is the largest in the body with 49,000 neurons. For comparison, the T4 ganglion has 24 neurons. More neurons = higher speed delivery of information to the brain. The muscles of the jaw include the masseter as well as the deeper pterygoid muscles. They obviously allow for chewing but also have an interesting link to the CNS. The masseter has been shown to spontaneously activate during periods of stress. The masseter will also activate in unison with the subocciptal muscles during sudden postural changes in order to keep the eyes stable on the horizon. The suboccipital and TMJ muscles may not be physically linked but they are absolutely connected in the cerebellum and in most clinical cases. This relationship tells us these muscles have a large role in stress/sympathetic nervous system syndromes as well as global postural regulation. A patient may present with complaints of neck pain, but now we see how we must look globally at posture, TMJ function, vestibular function and stress management!
11.01.2022 MAJOR VEINS AND ARTERIES
10.01.2022 UPPER BACK PAIN CAN BE A RESULT OF PEC PROBLEMS ANATOMY FACTS The pectoralis minor muscle is located toward the outside of the chest. It attaches the 3rd, 4...th and 5th ribs to the front of the shoulder blade (coracoid process of the scapula). It pulls the shoulder and shoulder blade down and aids with inspiration by lifting the upper ribs so you can breathe in. PAIN PATTERN Pain in the front of the shoulder and upper chest is the most common symptom of pectoralis minor dysfunction. Pain can be due to a muscle tear/strain, repetitive stress injury, and trigger points. Rounded shoulder posture is a common sign of a shortened pectoralis minor muscle too. The muscle tightens and becomes short pulling the shoulders forward. Also pain in the upper back between the shoulder blades is often experienced due to the pec minor pulling the shoulders forward causing the upper back muscles to remain in an extended stretch. A band of pain just under the shoulder blades is also common. The pectoralis minor along with the scalenes, are known as neurovascular entrappers. Tight shortened pec minor and scalene muscles can put pressure on the axillary artery as well as nerves in the neck / shoulder area restricting circulation to the arm and causing symptoms such as numbness and tingling. So, the pectoralis minor muscle is a small muscle that can cause big problems. WHO IS AT RISK? People working with their arms out in front of the body. Using computers/laptops can put enormous strain on the pec minor if the arms are not properly supported. Sitting in a chair and reaching to use the keyboard rolls the shoulders forward and shortens the pec minor putting pressure on blood vessels and nerves that run under the muscle. People who have jobs or hobbies that require holding the arms up and overhead for extended periods of time can develop problems in the pec minor. Women with large breasts often experience shortened pectoralis minor muscles as well as the upper back pain caused by the shortened muscle and trigger points in the muscle. Carrying a heavy purse, or backpack can put pressure on the muscle cutting off circulation causing thoracic outlet syndrome symptoms of aching, numbness, and tingling. HOW TO STRETCH PEC MINOR? Try Towel Chest Stretch For this stretch, you will need a towel that is at least 3 feet long. Start with your arms hanging down at your sides and grasp the ends of the towel with your hands. Raise your arms over your head while keeping the towel taut. Stretch your arms behind your head as far as you can reach and pull the ends of the towel away from one another. At this point, the towel should be directly behind your head and your arms should be stretched out at in a v position. Hold this position for 10 to 30 seconds and repeat three times. This stretch also targets the pectoralis major and subscapularis muscles.
09.01.2022 The Reflexology community is saddened to learn of the passing of Dwight Byers over the weekend. Dwight, nephew of the late Eunice Ingham was instrumental in the... continuation and development of Reflexology often travelling the world teaching. Dwight was also President of the International Institute of Reflexology. RIP Dwight, 1929-2020 <3 we send our condolences to your family and many friends. ~~~~~~~~ As a young boy, Dwight suffered with asthma and his aunt practised her Reflexology techniques on him and he was cured. As he grew up, he and his sister joined Eunice on her worldwide travels lecturing to health professionals on Reflexology. Dwight has carried on the work of his aunt and has continued to research and develop Reflexology techniques. He is the Worlds leading authority on the Original Ingham Method of Reflexology. Dwight wrote the book Better Health with Foot Reflexology which is a complete and up-to-date reference guide which is the core textbook for International Institute of Reflexology training courses.
09.01.2022 Great news! I am able to provide Remedial Massage services again. Appointments are only available to treat muscular pain and dysfunction. Strict health and hygiene practices for COVID-19 are in place and additional time between appointments for cleaning. Online booking is available or call Lyn on 0429 794 077 for an appointment.
09.01.2022 Life Without Your Cerebellum
09.01.2022 Wishing all our valued customers a happy and safe Christmas and New Year.
08.01.2022 THE TRICK TO HAMSTRING REHAB After poring over decades of research, a team of scientists in Australia believes it has pinpointed the missing link in hamstring... injury rehabilitation: neuromuscular training. Neuromuscular training involves reactivating communication between neurons (nerve cells) and muscles. In the case of hamstring injuries, that can be done by performing heavy resistance training exercises like Nordic hamstring curls or stiff-leg deadlifts, according to Antony Shield, Ph.D., one of the papers authors and a professor at Queensland University of Technology, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences. The researchers were interested in hamstring injuries because of their frequent reoccurrence in sports that involve fast runningsoccer, football, rugby, cricket, and track and field. The review, published in the Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, didnt include distance runners, but Shield believes that, while hamstring injuries in distance runners tend to be less frequent and less severe, the papers conclusion is applicable because the rehabilitation practices are the same. When the hamstring is strained, the normal signals between neurons and muscle shut down. This neuromuscular inhibition limits normal muscles function and the effectiveness of strength and stretching rehabilitation. Over time, the injured muscle atrophies, strength imbalances increase, and the angle of peak torque changes (i.e., the knee becomes less stable). These maladaptations are long-lasting and raise the risk of injuring the area again. We have evidence for reduced activation many months after return to sport, Shield told Runners World Newswire via email. We have more recent data (as yet unpublished) that athletes use their previously injured biceps femoris [a hamstring muscle] about half as much on the injured side as the uninjured side when doing a Nordic hamstring curl. This data is, on average, 10 months after injury, so the change appears pretty permanent. Physical therapists likely avoid exercises such as Nordic hamstring curls owing to the high forces generated by the move. But if athletes re-establish pathways between nerves and muscle, they may be better able to restore full muscle strength and function to the hamstring and reduce their chances of getting injured again, the researchers suggest. Shield notes that many injuries result in neuromuscular inhibition. The concept isnt new or radical, he says, it just hasnt been adequately addressed. Additionally, neuromuscular training isnt a magic solution, writes Shield, but one of many factors athletes and physical therapists should consider. Source: Runners world
08.01.2022 The glenohumeral (shoulder) joint is a ball-and-socket type of synovial joint that permits a wide range of movement; however, its mobility ...makes the joint relatively unstable. ARTICULATION OF GLENOHUMERAL JOINT The large, round humeral head articulates with the relatively shallow glenoid cavity of the scapula, which is deepened slightly ut effectively by the ring-like, fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum (L., lip). Both articular surfaces are covered with hyaline cartilage. DESCRIPTION OF THE PICTURE Rotator cuff and glenohumeral joint. Dissection of the glenohumeral joint in which the joint capsule was sectioned and the joint opened from its posterior aspect as if it were a book. Four short SITS muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis) cross and surround the joint, blending with its capsule. The anterior, internal surface demonstrates the glenohumeral ligaments, which were incised to open the joint.
07.01.2022 DEEP FASCIA OF FOOT A. The skin and subcutaneous tissue have been removed to demonstrate the deep fascia of the leg and dorsum of the foot. B. The deep pl...antar fascia consists of the thick plantar aponeurosis and the thinner medial and lateral plantar fascia. Thinner parts of the plantar fascia have been removed, revealing the plantar digital vessels and nerves. C. The bones and muscles of the foot are surrounded by the deep dorsal and plantar fascia. A large central and smaller medial and lateral compartments of the sole are created by intermuscular septa that extend deeply from the plantar aponeurosis.
06.01.2022 PELVIS TENSEGRITY The pelvis is the center of gravity and the largest bony complex in the human body. The pelvis and sacrum are linked via strong ligaments ...and muscles, creating a tension system that works with the compression-bearing bones to create a local tensegrity system. These ligaments are visualized in the picture, they include the posterior SI ligaments (Iliotransversosacral, Axile, Zaglas, Bichat), anterior SI ligaments, the iliolumbar ligaments and the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments. Locally, these ligaments need to have balanced tension to maintain SI joint integrity and normal bone positions in space. If one of these ligaments is injured and loses its optimal tension/quality, disruption of the tensegrity balance ensues. This leads to increased compression stress in the pelvis/SI and hip joints, but also leads to distortion of the global tensegrity of the body. For example, in the picture we can see a normal, balanced pelvis icosahedron on the left with the horizontal balance beams through L4 and the greater trochanter did the femurs. On the right, we can see the consequence of an injury to the right SI joint/ligament complex. This leads to pelvic and sacral shifting, unleveling of L3 (blue dot) and functional scoliosis, anterior-inferior shift of the left ilium, valgus stress in the left knee, and pronation stress in the left foot-ankle. The white arrow represents the downward compressive force of gravity. If the tensegrity is balanced, the body can adequately resist gravity without breakdown. Disruption of this tensegrity system is the source of joint degeneration and pain, all results of decreased space/compression in the joints. This is but one example of how loss of connective tissue tension/quality leads to compression stresses as well as local and global distortions of the tensegrity system. In biotensegrity, micro affects macro, local affects global! Credit: Stefanduell
06.01.2022 VEINS, MUSCULOVENOUS PUMP & VARICOSE VEINS Although most veins of the trunk occur as large single vessels, veins in the limbs occur as two or more smaller ves...sels that accompany an artery in a common vascular sheath. Musculovenous pump. Muscular contractions in the limbs function with the venous valves to move blood toward the heart. The outward expansion of the bellies of contracting muscles is limited by deep fascia and becomes a compressive force, propelling the blood against gravity. When the walls of veins lose their elasticity, they become weak. A weakened vein dilates under the pressure of supporting a column of blood against gravity. This results in varicose veins - abnormally swollen, twisted veins - most often seen in the legs. Varicose veins have a caliber greater than normal, and their valve cusps do not meet or have been destroyed by inflammation. Varicose veins have incompetent valves; thus, the column of blood ascending toward the heart is unbroken, placing increased pressure on the weakened walls, further exacerbating the varicosity problem. Varicose veins also occur in the presence of degenerated deep fascia. Incompetent fascia is incapable of containing the expansion of contracting muscles; thus, the (musculofascial) musculovenous pump is ineffective.
06.01.2022 SACROILIITIS - CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, TREATMENT What is sacroiliitis? Sacroiliitis is the inflammation of one or both of your sacroiliac joints. These two joints... are located where the sacrum (the triangular last section of the spine) meets the ilium (a part of the pelvis). Sacroiliitis is a common source of lower back pain or pain in the buttocks or thighs. It is often difficult to diagnose since many other conditions cause pain in the same locations. What causes sacroiliitis? Inflammation of the sacroiliac joint causes most of the symptoms of sacroiliitis. Many medical conditions cause inflammation in the sacroiliac joint, including: Osteoarthritis -This type of wear-and-tear arthritis can occur in the sacroiliac joints and results from the breakdown of ligaments. Ankylosing spondylitis - This is a type of inflammatory arthritis of the joints of the spine. Sacroiliitis is often an early symptom of ankylosing spondylitis. Psoriatic arthritis - This inflammatory condition causes joint pain and swelling as well as psoriasis (scaly patches on the skin). Psoriatic arthritis can cause inflammation of the spinal joints, including the sacroiliac joints. Other causes of sacroiliitis include: Trauma - A fall, motor vehicle accident, or other injury to the sacroiliac joints or the ligaments supporting or surrounding the sacroiliac joint can cause symptoms. Pregnancy - Hormones generated during pregnancy can relax the muscles and ligaments of the pelvis, causing the sacroiliac joint to rotate. The weight of pregnancy can also stress the sacroiliac joint and lead to wearing of the joint. Pyogenic sacroiliitis - This is a rare infection of the sacroiliac joint caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. What are the symptoms of sacroiliitis? Common symptoms of sacroiliitis include pain that: Occurs in the lower back, buttock, hip, or thigh Gets worse after long periods of sitting or standing, or getting out of a chair Worsens after rotating your hips Feels sharp or stabbing, or dull and achy How is sacroiliitis treated? Most people with sacroiliitis benefit from physical therapy. This treatment helps strengthen and stabilise the muscles surrounding your sacroiliac joints. Physical therapy also makes it easier for you to move your sacroiliac joints through full range of motion. Reference: Cleveland Clinic, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Centre for Biotechnology Information
06.01.2022 ANATOMY OF THE SCIATIC NERVE Several important nerves arise from the sacral plexus and either supply the gluteal region (e.g., superior and inferior gluteal n...erves) or pass through it to supply perineum and thigh (e.g., the pudental and sciatic nerves, respectively). Sciatic Nerve is the largest nerve in the body and is the continuation of the main part of the sacral plexus. The branches converge at the inferior border of the piriformis to form the sciatic nerve, a thick, flattened band approximately 2cm wide. The sciatic nerve is the most lateral structure emerging through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis. Medial to the sciatic nerve are the inferior gluteal nerve and vessels, the internal pudendal vessels, and the pudendal nerve. The sciatic nerve runs inferolaterally under cover of the gluteus maximus, midwy between the greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity. The nerve rests on the ischium and then passes posterior to the obturator internus, quadratus femoris and adductor magnus muscles. The sciatic nerve is so large that it receives a named branch of the inferior gluteal artery, the artery to the sciatic nerve.
06.01.2022 WHAT DO YOUR FEET TELL YOU? The feet tell you a lot about whats happening above them, at rest and during movement. The posture (position) your feet are ...in is the result of whats happening upstream. Your foot position is intimately related to how well you control the position of your pelvis and how well your hips are able to function as a result of this. The stability, strength, and control of your hips and pelvic musculature determines whether you can maintain control of every joint beneath them, and therefore maintain the desired position of your joints at rest and during movement. It comes down to having control over your joints, and attaining/maintaining the desired joint positions as you move. The feet can grant your body a huge amount of stability IF they are in a good position. If you can use your hips and pelvic control to get your feet where you want them, then they have a huge amount of intrinsic muscles that can work to your advantage. But the feet need to be in a desirable position (posture) in order to work optimally. All of this can be worked on and changed. The body changes and adapts to what you expose it to. Learning to control your body requires attention and focus at the start, but is essential for overall musculoskeletal/joint health.
05.01.2022 RESEARCH STUDY: The Effects of Reflexology on Fatigue Severity of Patients With Cancer (Medical Oncologist and Hematologist, Department of Internal Medicine, Il...am University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran. Email: [email protected]) Abstract Introduction: Breast cancer is a major threat to womens health and a common factor that can reduce their life expectancy. Complementary medicine such as reflexology is known to reduce fatigue severity in cancer patients. The present study aimed to cultivate the effect of reflexology on fatigue severity of patients with breast cancer. Methods: The present pre-post clinical trial recruited 57 patients with breast cancer and involved an experimental and a control group. All patients were livening in Ilam, Iran. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental (N=27) and control (N=30). The experimental group received reflexology for 4 sessions. Data were collected using Fatigue severity scale (FSS) and demographic information questionnaire. FSS was completed by the patients twice; before the intervention and 2 months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS and running t-test and ANOVA. Results: Results showed no significant difference in fatigue severity between experimental (45.445.30) and control (43.667.68) groups prior to the intervention (p>0.05). However, after conducting the intervention, a significant difference in fatigue severity was seen between the experimental (20.664.54) and control (40.369.58) groups (p=0.000). Conclusion: The present study showed that reflexology decreased fatigue severity in patients with breast cancer and community health nursing can to use of these complementary medicine to increase patients health conditions. Online study at PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30803197/
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03.01.2022 PES ANSERINE BURSITIS Pes Anserine Bursitis causes pain on the inner side of the knee, approximately 2-3 cms below the knee joint. It typically affects athlet...es especially runners and swimmers due to overuse, or overweight middle aged females due to increased pressure through the bursa. Pain from pes anserine bursitis usually develops gradually rather than suddenly and tends to get worse with activities such as stair climbing and running. There are a number of things you can do to aid the healing process and stop the problem from coming back. Here we will look at the causes and symptoms for pes anserine bursitis to help you make a full recovery. What Is Pes Anserine Bursitis? Pes Anserine Bursitis is when there is inflammation of the pes anserine bursa, causing medial knee pain. The pes anserinus is an area on the medial (inner) side of the knee where three muscle tendons attach to the tibia (shin bone). Pes anserinus means gooses foot and it gets its name from the webbed-foot shape made by these three tendons where they join together forming one tendon and attach to the shin bone. From front to back they are: The Pes Anserine Bursa sits underneath the conjoined tendon of sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus. 1) Sartorius: the longest muscle in the body which runs across and down the front of the thigh helping to bend the knee and hip 2) Gracilis: a hip adductor (draws the leg inwards) 3) Semitendinosus: one of the three hamstring muscles that work together to bend the knee Sitting underneath this conjoined tendon is the pes anserine bursa, a small sac filled with fluid. The bursa is there to reduce friction between the tendon and the tibia as the knee moves by providing cushioning and allowing smooth gliding movements of the tendon without any friction. What Causes Pes Anserine Bursitis? Repetitive stress or friction over the area results in inflammation of the pes anserine bursa. The bursa produces excessive fluid and thus swells, placing pressure on the surrounding structures. The most common causes of pes anserine bursitis are: 1) Repetitive Stress Activities where the three muscles are being used repetitively, such as in running (particularly uphill), cycling, swimming (particularly breaststroke), and side-to-side movements can cause friction and pressure on the bursa. 2) Muscle Weakness/Tightness Weakness and/or tightness in the hip and knee muscles can place increased tension on the pes anserine tendons which damages the tendon itself and increases pressure on the bursa. Tight hamstrings are a common cause of pes anserine bursitis. 3) Poor Training Techniques Training errors such as sudden increases in distance or intensity, not warming up and inadequate stretching can over stress the area. 4) Other Medical Conditions Joint inflammation associated with arthritis can cause swelling of the bursa. Studies have shown that approximately 20% of people with osteoarthritis of the knee suffer from pes anserine bursitis. People with Type 2 Diabetes or Osgood Schlatters are also more likely to develop bursitis. 5) Gender Pes anserine bursitis is more common in women, due to a wider pelvis and the angle of the knee joint. 6) Altered Biomechanics Subtle changes to the position of the leg bones and soft tissues, such as flat feet or a turned out foot can place extra pressure on the Pes Anserine region 7) Obesity More weight goes through the area increasing the pressure on the bursa 8) Trauma A direct injury such as a blow to the pes anserinus area can lead to swelling of the bursa Pes anserine bursitis is often accompanied by tendonitis where small tears develop in the pes anserine tendon. It is hard to clearly distinguish between the two problems, but the causes, symptoms and treatment are basically the same for both. Symptoms of Pes Anserine Bursitis 1) Pain The most common symptom of pes anserine bursitis is pain and tenderness on the inner side of the knee approximately 2-3 inches below the joint. Symptoms of bursitis tend to build up gradually rather than suddenly. People often complain it hurts more when they exercise or go upstairs, with resisted knee flexion or when they stretch their hamstrings. 2) Swelling When the pes anserine bursa is inflamed, there will often be some swelling and redness over the area and the inner side of the knee may feel slightly warm to touch. 3) Sleep Disturbance Sleep is often affected by knee bursitis, particularly if you sleep on your side with your legs together placing pressure on the bursa. You may be woken by pain when you roll over as you bend or straighten the knee. It can help to sleep with a pillow between your knees to provide some cushioning to the pes anserine bursa. 4) Weakness & Stiffness Pain from pes anserine bursitis often limits movement so the knee gradually loses strength and range of movement. Stiffness and weakness develop which can then make it more painful to move. Symptoms may develop suddenly if there has been a direct blow to the knee, but it is worth considering other possibilities such as an MCL sprain if the pain develops suddenly. Treatment for Pes Anserinus Bursitis will be discussed in the next post, so stay tuned.
03.01.2022 RHOMBOIDS MUSCLE PAIN Each one of us has had muscle pain at some point in our lives. Some people, however, experience worsening and commonly occurring muscle ...pain in certain areas. Among this is rhomboid muscle pain, which is more common and worse than any other pain and is one of the most frustrating pains. There are many people who dont know where exactly is rhomboid muscle situated, but they have felt pain in that region at some time or other for sure. Pain of the rhomboid muscle is the pain, which is present in the upper back region just beneath the neck and between the upper shoulder blades. Rhomboid muscle helps in controlling the arms and shoulders. If you have spent an entire day carrying heavy load, then the rhomboid muscle bears the brunt of it. The rhomboid muscle is shaped like a triangle and is a very thin muscle. It is a skeletal muscle that is connected to the bone and helps in movement of the joints. The rhomboid muscles include rhomboid minor muscle and rhomboid major muscle. Rhomboid muscle connects the spine to the medial edges of the shoulder blades along with helping in maintaining a good posture. If these muscles are used excessively then it causes pain. This excessive use can result from playing sports, such as golf or tennis and can also occur from carrying heavy load on the upper back and even wrong movements, such as trying to reach for something heavy from a high shelf. All the muscles in the body are composed of many tiny muscle fibers. They have to move in unison for movement of the joints and limbs. All these tiny muscle fibers build up the muscle and hence are very strong. However, if isolated and left on their own they become weak and become more susceptible to tear. This is commonly seen when an individual goes to gym. Pain in the rhomboid muscle causes difficulty in the patient in moving his/her arms and can be described as mild to severe pain in the upper back. Treatment for Rhomboid Muscle Pain comprises of rest, cold compresses and medications. Possible Causes of Rhomboid Muscle: * Sitting on chair for long time with poor posture especially from prolonged use of computer * Sitting in a car for long time can strain your rhomboid muscles causing inflammation of the rhomboid muscle. Signs & Symptoms of Rhomboid Muscle Pain * Patient experiences pain and loss of movement. This is called as shoulder blade pain or rhomboid pain. * Patient will also have swelling as the body is healing from rhomboid muscle pain. This will result in more discomfort. * In some patients, there is compression of a nerve leading to acute shooting pain resulting in painful and difficult movements.
02.01.2022 SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR - OVERLOOKED CAUSE OF LOWER BACK PAIN You have a client who tells you this: 'I reached for something and suddenly I felt a sharp s...pasm in the lower part of my back, slightly to the side of the spine, at the bottom of the ribs, and when I breathe in really deep I can feel it'. Based on the above description you should suspect that you might be dealing with the Serratus Posterior Inferior muscle. Where is the Serratus Posterior Inferior muscle? The Serratus Posterior Inferior muscle connects the lower 4 ribs to four vertebrae (T11, T12, L1, L2) in the low back. What movements does the Serratus Posterior Inferior muscle control? Forced expiration (breathing out when breathing hard) Assists with twisting at the waist Assists with straightening the trunk (standing up straight) Activities that cause Serratus Posterior Inferior pain and symptoms: Twisting the body when lifting Overreaching overhead or to the side of the body Lifting something heavy using the back muscles instead of leg muscles Sleeping on a sagging or too soft mattress Trigger Points Trigger points in the Serratus Posterior Inferior may cause an uncommon local ache radiating over and around the muscle. This may extend across the back and over the lower ribs, even continuing through the chest to the front of the body. This discomfort is typically described by clients as a nagging ache. In many cases this pain remains after other trigger points have been inactivated. This should be a good indicator for the therapist to recheck the Serratus Posterior Inferior for undiscovered trigger points. Stretching for self-release of the Serratus Posterior Inferior Cross your forearms just above the wrist, at about chest height. Inhale deeply as you slowly raise them up until the area where the arms cross is level with your forehead. Now lower the arms as you exhale. Do this once or twice, allowing for a brief rest (a few breaths) before repeating. Do this exercise set several times a day.
02.01.2022 QUADRATUS LUMBORUM - ANATOMY, FUNCTION AND RELEASE EXERCISE QL ANATOMY The Quadratus Lumborum Muscle which is present in the posterior abdominal wall situat...ed deep inside the abdomen. This muscle is present dorsally to the iliopsoas muscle. This muscle courses from the iliac crest and attaches itself to the 12th rib and the transverse processes of 1st to 4th lumbar vertebrae. The quadratus lumborum muscle is rectangular in shape. The muscle gets its blood supply from the subcostal nerve and branches of the lumbar plexus. The quadratus lumborum muscle lies quite close to many vital organs of the body in the abdomen like the kidneys and colon. QL FUNCTION The main function of the quadratus lumborum is to provide stability to the body along with movement of the spine and pelvis. Since this muscle is used frequently day in and day out hence it is prone to strains and injuries resulting in quadratus lumborum pain. Certain activities like repetitive heavy lifting, sporting activities like rowing, golfing can strain the quadratus lumborum muscle. Treatment for quadratus lumborum strain is conservative with a period of rest along with using hot and cold therapy and back brace. QL REFERRED PAIN When muscle knots form in the Ql or it goes into spasm due to overload or injury, then it can give you real grief! Often this is more one-sided than the other also, giving you a real lopsided feeling and can make it seem like you have one leg shorter than the other or that your pelvis is out (which cant really happen). The QL refers pain elsewhere and isnt always felt at the muscle. The referred pain is generally felt in the outer hip and in the glutes and is often described as a deep ache but can be a sharp pain when moving. The trouble is that this muscle is very hard to stretch but, it is quite easy to do a QL muscle release! QL MUSCLE RELEASE 1. Position Lie on your back and place a firm massage ball under your QL muscle, which you will find in-between the top of your pelvis and your bottom rib, off to each side of your spine. 2. Action: Bring the knee on the same side as the ball up towards your chest, which puts pressure on the ball. Once you feel like you have the right spot (you will feel it!), holding onto your knee you can either: 1. Rock your knee out to the side and then in again and repeat, OR 2. Repeatedly bend your knee up and down towards your chest. Slowly and gently work into it for 1-2 minutes on each side and feel free to move the ball up or down slightly to get the right spots. Do this great myofascial release once a day for two weeks. Tip: Help prevent this recurring and giving you ongoing trouble by strengthening your QL and the surrounding muscle so that they can handle everything that is asked of them!
01.01.2022 POSTURE AND GAIT The lower limbs function primarily in standing and walking. Typically, the actions of lower limbs muscles are described as if the muscle were... acting in isolation, which rarely occurs. It is important to be familiar with lower limb movements and concentric and eccentric contractions of muscles, and to have a basic understanding of the process of standing and walking. STANDING AT EASE When a person is standing at ease with the feet slightly apart and rotated laterally so the toes pint outwards, only a few of the back and lower limb muscles are active. The mechanical arrangement of the joints and muscles are such that a minimum of muscular activity is required to keep from falling. In the stand-easy position, the hip and knee joints are extended and are in their most stable positions (maximal contact of articular surfaces for weight transfer, with supporting ligaments taut). EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES (A) Lateral View The relationship of the line of gravity to the transverse rotational axes of the pelvis and lower limb in the relaxed standing position I demonstrated. Only minor postural adjustments, mainly by the extensors of the back and the plantarflexors of the ankle, are necessary to maintain this position because the ligaments of the hip and knee are being tightly stretched to provide passive support. (B) Inferior View A bipedal platform is formed by the feet during relaxed standing. The weight of the body is symmetrically distributed around the centre of gravity, which falls in the posterior third of a median plane between the slightly parted and laterally rotated feet, anterior to the rotational axes of the ankle joints. The ankle joint is less stable than the hip and knee joints, and the line of gravity falls between the two limbs, just anterior to the axis of rotation of the ankle joints. Consequently, a tendency to fall forward (forward sway) must be countered periodically by bilateral contraction of the calf muscles (plantarflexion). The spread of splay of the feet increases lateral stability. However, when lateral sway occurs, it is countered by the hip abductors (acting through the IT band). The fibular collateral ligament of the knee joint and the evertor muscles of one side act with the thigh adductors, tibial collateral ligament, and invertor muscles of the contralateral side. Walking: The Gait Cycle Locomotion is a complex function. The movements of the lower limbs during walking on a level surface may be divided into alternating swing and stance phases. The gait cycle consists of one cycle of swing and stance by one limb. The stance phase begins with a heel strike, when the heel strikes the ground and begins to assume the body's fll weight (loading response), and ends with a push off by the forefoot a result of plantarflexion. Stabilization and resilience are important during locomotion. The invertors and evertors of the foot are principal stabilizers of the foot during the stance phase. Their long tendons, plus those of the flexors of the digits, also help support the arches of the foot during the stance phase, assisting the intrinsic muscles of sole.
01.01.2022 ANATOMY OF MYELINATED NERVE FIBERS A nerve consists of the following components: 1. A bundle of nerve fibers outside the CNS (or a bundle of bundled fibers ...or fascicles, in the case of a larger nerve). 2. The connective tissue coverings that surround and bind the nerve fibers and fascicles together. 3. The blood vessels (vasa nervorum) that nourish the nerve fibers and their coverings. Nerves are fairly strong and resilient because the nerve fibers are supported and protected by three connective tissue coverings: 1. Endoneurium, delicate connective tissue immediately surrounding the neurilemma cells and axons. 2. Perineurium, a layer of dense connective tissue that encloses a fascicle of nerve fibers, providing an effective barrier against penetration of the nerve fibers by foreign substances. 3. Epineurium, a thick connective tissue sheath that surrounds and encloses a bundle of fascicles, forming the outermost covering of the nerve; it includes fatty tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatics. Nerves are organized much like a telephone cable: The axons are like individual wires insulated by the neurolemma and endoneurium; the insulated wires are bundled by the perineurium, and the bundles are surrounded by the epineurium forming the cable’s outer wrapping. It is important to distinguish between nerve fibers and nerves, which are sometimes depicted diagrammatically as being one and the same. A collection of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS constitutes a ganglion. There are both motor (autonomic) and sensory ganglia.
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