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24.01.2022 Congratulation to all involved with the FITS exam held in Australia .A big thanks to the people that work behind the scenes . Here are a few photos .

24.01.2022 Equine Cushings Disease By Brian S. Burks, DVM, Dipl. ABVP- Board Certified in Equine Practice Endocrine disorders have undergone much research in recent years.... The most common endocrine diseases in the horse are pituitary pars media dysfunction (PPID, Cushings) and equine metabolic syndrome. The endocrine system comprises several organs to control body functions. These organs include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, the parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, and reproductive organs (ovaries and testes). Endocrine diseases do not occur in horses as frequently as in other species; hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and diabetes insipidus are rare in the horse. Pituitary pars media dysfunction (PPID) is the most common endocrine disorder of the horse. This is more accurate, as the affected portion of the pituitary gland is different in humans and canids. Thus, the term Cushings is misleading, as it describes a specific human disorder of the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland receives input from the hypothalamus via dopamine, which inhibits the pituitary from making many different hormones. In the abnormal gland, the hormones are overproduced due to the lack of dopamine. The intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland becomes hyperplastic- the cells become bigger and make more products of a precursor hormone called Pro-Opio-Melano-Cortin (POMC) which then makes excessive ACTH, MSH, and others. The ACTH causes overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glands, leading to a list of clinical signs. Hirsutism- long hair that fails to shed completely Chronic infections Laminitis (founder) which is often repetitive and may have hoof abscesses Excessive sweating Increased water intake and urination polyuria/polydipsia (PU/PD) Lethargy Loss of muscle mass- pot-bellied appearance Infertility Abnormal mammary gland development There are a number of diagnostic tests available for PPID, including ACTH testing and, TRH stimulation testing, and overnight Dexamethasone Suppression Testing. These are the standard tests, but others can be used if these are negative, but the horses appearance is suggestive of PPID. In addition to specific diagnostics, routine CBC and chemistry profiles can be helpful to identify infection/inflammation and other organ involvement. Blood glucose levels may be elevated in some horses. Horses with PPID may also be insulin resistant, so fasting insulin levels are often tested. Treatment of PPID begins with management, though medications are often useful, including pergolide. It is important to be sure that the horse gets adequate nutrition with a low carbohydrate level. There are many low carbohydrate feeds available. They may also need additional protein, as cortisol breaks down the protein in muscle. Some horses that are very sensitive to carbohydrates may even need hay that has tested low in sugars. Grazing may need to limited by keeping them off of pasture or by using a grazing muzzle. It is also important to maintain vaccination, deworming, dental, and hoof care. Routine dental care can help identify dental caries, periodontal disease, loose teeth, and oral tumors. Routine steps for husbandry also include frequent bedding changes to minimize wet stalls which can lead to thrush and loss of viable hoof, body clipping as needed, frequent bathing if there is excessive sweating, and consistent monitoring for signs of infection. Laminitis is the worst clinical sign and can be devastating. Hoof changes and pain develop insidiously. It is related to the excessive cortisol levels and its anti-glucose effects. The exact pathway to cause laminitis has not been fully elucidated. These horses may need special shoeing and frequent trimming. They may also need pain control with medications such as phenylbutazone, flunixin meglumine, or firocoxib. Horses further along in the course of disease may benefit from daily administration of pergolide. It can provide substantial relief from clinical signs. Prascend is the FDA approved form of pergolide. Sometimes cyproheptadine can be added to the pergolide dose, but it is rarely efficacious as a sole therapy. For horses that do not respond well to pergolide, there are newer medications. Herbal supplements have anecdotally been reported to improve clinical signs, but this has been shown scientifically to be of no value when compared side by side with pergolide. It should also be noted that many supplements do not contain the active ingredients listed on the packaging, and that there is no standardization for purity and quantity, making it impossible to know what is being purchased. In conclusion, PPID is a disease of (older) equids that can be managed, but not cured. Chronic infections and laminitis are frequent clinical manifestations and can be difficult to control in some horses. Thus, early recognition and veterinary intervention, along with farrier care are imperative to help the horse maintain a good quality of life. www.foxrunequine.com (724) 727-3481 Fox Run Equine Center

23.01.2022 Square toe egg bar or straight bar reverse shoe whatever you would like to call it . It FITS.

23.01.2022 What structures are affected by shoes fitted short or with no attention to medial lateral balance ?

23.01.2022 Time is running out. Get your payment in quick to secure your spot for the Pat Schimanski and Jordaan Aplin Farrier Hammer and Tong making clinic on the 22nd and 23rd June 2019. Some fantastic examples of their skill in the pictures below.

22.01.2022 FITS Australia will be hosting a Mock Exam open to all farriers wanting to test themselves in WA on the 5/6 th October 2019. Whether you are wanting to work towards obtaining your ; Cert 3 / 4 FITS CF , CPF , or ASF... Or WCF Dip or AWCF Or just to improve your knowledge. The weekend will aim at having an exam format on the Saturday and a learning environment on the Sunday to revise the previous days work . There will be 3 assessors / teachers on this weekend and all are experienced with all of the above exam procedures. The aim of the weekend is to help and encourage anyone wanting to develop their knowledge within the farrier industry. Other states will have the same opportunity in the near future if there is interest . All enquiries and to secure your spot call Tania 0417 916 934.

22.01.2022 The Australian Farriers Conference presented an 3 day program consisting of workshops and lectures which has been very well received by all attending. They are planning their next conference in the Gold Coast next year . Congratulations to all involved in the organisation of this event .

22.01.2022 APPRENTICE FARRIER A position is available for an apprentice Farrier based in Cessnock NSW. You will learn all aspects of hot shoeing, shoe making ,correctiv...e trimming and corrective shoeing .you will be exposed to a network of vets and farriers and you will attend TAFE in Scone in a block release programme. The successful applicant will need to be self motivated, reliable, punctual and have a neat and tidy appearance. Have a good work ethic and show a willingness to learn and show attention to detail. You will need your own accomodation and drivers licence is essential. Some horse experience is preferred. A hand written application outlining your experience with horses and schooling with a copy of your last school report. You must supply two current references with contact details. ONLY SERIOUS ENQUIRIES PLEASE! For further information please pm me or email me: Please share Bob Sim shu14u@ bigpond. com . ph 0408437818

22.01.2022 If anyone is interested in events for next year please let us know , organising events such as clinics and exams take time to organise so you can get the most out of them

22.01.2022 The question of study guides for the Cf ,Cpf, Asf To know what the content is and what to study is the holy grail for anybody studying . In the back of Chris Gregory's book is a list of questions as examples for the Fits exams . This list is a good study guide for all levels. ... CF To make up a question for the Cf exam Q: Are there four tendons in the distal limb True / False. CPF To use the same question, but requiring more content for the Cpf exam Q: Name the Four tendons in the distal limb and list there function ASF Same question for the Asf exam Q: Name the tendons in the thoracic limb include the origin and insertions and functions

21.01.2022 Thank you to the few who have paid up their resit fees for the last FITS exam. Im still waiting to receive resit money from 4 others. No final paperwork can be done until those fees are received. Also I have one email from Paul Ruddy asking for a Buckle, anyone else wanting a buckle ordered can you please send me a message via phone, my emails are deleting emails over 14 days old, until I can fix that Im losing the list. So message me on 0418689920 with your name and what bu...ckle you require. I will get numbers together and price from the USA. Sorry if you've already done it, but technology is not my friend lately. Thanks Desarae

20.01.2022 Pre exam jitters we all get them ,it's how we deal with them that may influence the end result .Here is a couple of handy tips. Be prepared. Fuel your body eat ,sleep ,drink .... Stay focused . Enjoy the process. It's OK to be nervous but try not to panic . And most of all the examiners are humans not scary monsters and they have been sitting exactly where you are.

19.01.2022 Fits Australia are looking at holding an exam in Queensland in November the phone number to express your interest 0438536489 The interest in sitting exams has become a great focus for a lot of farriers looking to further there education . The options wether it be WCF or Fits there is something there for everybody .If you are looking for some practice for higher exams as in the dip WCF a good exam to sit would be the CPF Fits or the Asf a good stepping stone to the AW. ... (As we can never be to prepared ) The phone numbers if you would like to contact somebody from your state are Bob Sim 0408437818 NSW Steve Riggs 0417428005 QLD Adam Tigh 0438536489 QLD Glenn Wyse 0419213912 VIC Kim Broad 0418956247 WA See more

18.01.2022 The Four Most Common Causes of Equine Fatality Brian S. Burks, DVM, Dipl. ABVP- equine specialty Our lives revolve around horses, and we all enjoy caring for th...em, watching them run in the field, enjoying their frolic. When the horse is in pain, the desire is to free them of that pain. Sometimes, despite our best efforts, the horse, our friend, dies. Death cannot always be prevented, of course, in any species, but there are steps to take to keep our charges as safe as possible. The four most common causes of equine death are colic, old age, accidents, and laminitis. Understanding these causes can help find strategies for prevention. Colic remains the number one cause of equine death. The word colic simply the behavioral manifestation of abdominal pain; there are a myriad of causes, many of which are life-threatening, and therefore it is essential to diagnose and treat cases of colic as quickly as possible or refer them to a surgical facility. Intestinal pain comes from mucosal irritation, intestinal spasm, distention (gas/fluid), traction on the intestine, and/or associated mesenteries, or ischemia- lack of blood flow. Diet and feeding are extremely important for horses. Improper feeding can put horses at an increased risk of colic. The domestication of horses has result in a reduction in their grazing time, forage and water intakes. Horses in the wild normally graze a low energy, high forage diet for an average of 16-18 hours a day. They also have near constant movement in the search for food and water. By contrast, the competition is fed 2-3 times a day on a high energy concentrate ration, experiences a reduced forage intake, and may be in a stall for a significant portion of the day. Good anthelmintic control and pasture management will reduce the incidence of colic. Changes in routine such as exercise reduction due to injury can predispose horses to intestinal impaction. Treatment of colic is largely dependent upon identification the underlying cause of pain, and its appropriate treatment. Medical treatment is used in 90% of cases, but in a small percentage of horses surgical intervention is required. The incidence of colic in the general horse population has been estimated between 10 and 20 percent on an annual basis. It is important that any person who owns or works with horses be able to recognize the signs of colic, so that a veterinarian may be called promptly, before the horse's condition deteriorates. Old age is a common cause of equine death. In some cases it will be natural, in others a debilitating condition, such as severe osteoarthritis, may require euthanasia. It can be a struggle to reach a decision as they are part of the family and we do not want to lose them from our lives. Usually it becomes a conversation about quality of life. Are they struggling to get enough nutrition? Do they have a chronic issue that leaves them living in pain or discomfort? Are they not able to get to their feet without a struggle? Are they listless? When arranging the last moments of your horses life you must also decide whether to be there with them or not. When putting a horse to sleep, the final moments can cause some physiological reactions that can be disturbing to those not familiar with the process; these come after the horse is already moved on to greener pastures. The choice is yours to be there, or not, during the final moments, but it is not failure on your part if you are absent, and your horse holds no resentment. Accidents claim a significant number of horses each year. Horses may cause trauma to joints, ligaments, tendons, or body cavities. It seems that horses are a magnet for trouble. They may be impaled by wood or metal. A nail may penetrate the foot. I have removed wood 2x2s, t-posts, railroad tie nails, building nails, porcupine quills, arrows, and even bullets from horses. I have seen horses impaled by small tree branches, causing septic peritonitis. Horses have gone through fences, wood and high-tensile; opened joints on a car bumper, fractured limbs or a back in the pasture, and receive fatal kicks from another horse. Keeping a horse safe is no easy task, but horses deserve to be horses. They are social creatures, preferring company from others. Turn out is natural to the horse and should be part of their routine. Scan the paddock before letting them loose for anything out of the ordinary, sharp edges, broken fencing etc. Be practical and safe as possible, but the worst still might happen. Try the best, learn from others, and hope that is enough. Laminitis is also responsible for equine morbidity and mortality. This is a complex disease with many causes. Obesity is a major risk factor, but not being obese does not remove risk completely. Commonly referred to as founder, laminitis is the inflammation of the laminae in the foot. The laminae are soft tissue structures that connect the coffin bone to the hoof wall, and laminitis occurs when there is disruption between these structures. The cause of laminitis is much debated, but the result is a decrease in blood flow to the laminae, cellular death, and laminar disruption. Keep in mind this is a simplified definition of a complex problem. Laminitis is a sequel to a variety of diseases, repeated concussion on hard ground, injury, nutritional overloads (grain, lush grass or alfalfa, etc.), abortion or retained placenta, certain drugs, or toxins. Even though you dont necessarily think of laminitis resulting from a horses eating fresh grass or alfalfa hay, if a horse ingests too much grass, or alfalfa, it might be enough to cause a gastrointestinal upset that starts a systemic response. This combination of events can lead to laminitis. The separation of the sensitive laminae of the third phalanx from the laminae lining the inside surface of the hoof is followed by the pedal bone rotating' within the hoof capsule and coming to rest on the sole. This causes the sole to be pushed downwards and the pedal bone may penetrate the sole at the toe. Rotation occurs due to torque from the deep digital flexor tendon. Another possibility is that he pedal bone sinks (displaces ventrally) due to the weight of the animal. The bone may rotate, sink or both. Serum accumulates in the space between the laminae and can breakdown the white line. www.foxrunequine.com (724) 727-3481 Fox Run Equine Center Your horse's health is our top priority.

17.01.2022 IMPORTANT INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES SITTING THE OCTOBER EXAM. Final payment is due NOW There are still candidates who have NOT paid up completely for the upcoming exam. If you have not paid up completely by the end of this week, you cannot sit the exam. ... If you have paid your deposit, and changed your mind, unfortunately the policy is no refund. Thanks

16.01.2022 Come and learn from a Mock exam in Western Australia FITS Australia is putting on a mock exam on the 5/6 October 2019. We are inviting anyone who wants guidance in an exam environment.Whether you want to sit a FITS exam,a WCF exam or your Government Farriers certification 4. You will be guided by 3 experienced examiners/ teachers who have recently be through these processes and passed . ... The process will be as follows ; Saturday will be an exam environment . Sunday will be a learning day where the examiners will go over the previous days results which will include demos of the shoeing component. Limited spots available Cost $125 per day , which includes lunch and light refreshments. Please direct enquires to Tania Broad 0417 916934

16.01.2022 Due to so many personal commitments this year for the FITS committee we have decided that the 2017 FITS exams will not go ahead due to lack due of time. 2018 FITS exams will go ahead in the second half of next year. If your interested in furthering your education and knowledge as well as joining a great group of farriers who support and help each other, let us know. Contacts below

15.01.2022 The tubular horn at the heel has been distorted ( not growing in straight line) what would cause this to occur ?

13.01.2022 Feel free to share - Private use only - Not for commercial use...

12.01.2022 2018 membership forum

12.01.2022 The Australian Fits exam is only a couple of weeks away all candidates should have their shoe boards ready and polished ,practiced there oral portion , worked out their time management for shoeing and studied hard for the theory.If you have any questions please feel free to call Tania 0417916934 Desarae 0418689920 Bob. 0408437818 Steve 0417428005 ...Adam 0498199676 Kim 0418956247 See more

12.01.2022 FITS Australia would like to introduce Dusty Franklin . We are very honoured to have Dusty coming to Australia to be our chief examiner Dusty Franklin, CJF, AWCF, ASF...Continue reading

11.01.2022 I would like to introduce you to Bob Sim and wife Desarae ,Bob will be the Australian Assessor at the Fits exam in Queensland .Desarae plays an important roll in record keeping and organising the exams. BOB SIM Accredited Farrier Australia ASF FITS...Continue reading

11.01.2022 Distal Phalangeal (Coffin Bone) Fractures Brian S. Burks, DVM, ABVP- equine specialty Distal phalangeal fractures occur from trauma, usually rapid and severe. ...Laceration of the hoof capsule may also result in coffin bone fractures. Fractures of the third phalanx, or coffin bone, can occur in multiple places within the bone, which determines clinical severity. Fractures near the middle of the bone, extending into the joint cause more lameness than wing fractures or margin fractures. Fractures of the extensor process may also occur. Clinically, there is a sudden onset of lameness in a single foot. Hoof testers may or may not localize the lameness within the foot. The lameness is moderate to severe, and is accentuated when moved in a circle, with the affected foot to the inside. The hoof and pastern may be warm to the touch, and the digital arteries exhibit a stronger pulse than is normal. If the distal interphalangeal (coffin) joint is involved, the synovial fluid may be blood-tinged. The appearance of the lameness must be differentiated from a hoof abscess. Lameness may be abolished using a palmar digital or abaxial sesamoid block; however, horses with severe lameness should have radiographs taken first, as the reduction in pain may cause the horse to overuse the foot and lead to more damage to the fractured bone. Radiography confirms the diagnosis in many cases, but some fracture lines may be difficult to detect due to minimal, if any, displacement. The irregular border of the third phalanx can make some fractures difficult to recognize. In such cases, multiple radiographs from multiple angles may help to identify the fracture. In some cases, stall rest and repeat radiography in 10 days may allow fracture recognition as the fracture gap widens over time as bone remodels. Nuclear scintigraphy, MRI, and CT may be required in some cases. Treatment of distal phalangeal fractures may be conservative or surgical means as the case dictates. Foals are usually treated with complete stall rest. Surgical therapy involves lag screw fixation and neurectomy. Conservative treatment of a non-displaced fracture involves the use of a bar shoe with clips, with a pour or other pad on the solar surface, providing support and limiting further concussion. In some cases a cast may be an addition to the shoe. Anti-inflammatory medication is often used to reduce pain and allow weight bearing. It may take 90-120 days for complete healing of coffin bone wing fractures. After soaking the foot for 24 hours, shock wave therapy may be used to induce fracture healing in selected cases. Other treatments may include bisphosphante drugs such as TildrenR and the addition of calcium to the diet. Mid-saggital (through the center) or other fractures that involve the joint may be treated conservatively in some cases, but will take much longer to heal and may displace, despite shoeing and casting. These fractures often do better when surgically repaired. Asepsis is critical when surgical management is chosen, as the hoof is in contact with the ground and is difficult to completely clean. A lag screw is placed across mid-saggital articular fractures after a hole is drilled in the side of the hoof wall. Such fractures carry a guarded prognosis, unlike most other coffin bone fractures, which carry a good prognosis. This is because osteoarthritis of the DIP joint may ensue. Solar margin fractures may be underdiagnosed due to the difficulty in recognition radiographically. These are caused by blunt force trauma, such as kicking a hard, immobile object. They may be secondary to laminitic osteopenia. Most heal conservatively, but if the fragment becomes septic, surgical removal is required. Extensor process fractures may occur due to hyperextension or avulsion of the common digital extensor tendon on the front of the limb. Clinical signs may or not be present from such fractures. Definitive diagnosis is reached via the lameness examination, including nerve blocks, and radiography. Small fragments require surgical removal as they are in contact with the joint and often migrate. Larger fractures may heal with conservative therapy or may be removed. In certain cases, lag screw fixation may be tried.

09.01.2022 Zoonotic Diseases Brian S. Burks, DVM, Dipl. ABVP Board Certified in Equine Practice Zoonotic diseases- those you can get from animals. While not common, it is ...something to think about if your horse becomes ill. It is especially important to veterinarians, as the risk of exposure is often higher. Viral: West Nile Virus Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis Hendra (morbillivirus) [Australia] Rabies Virus Bacterial: Salmonellosis Clostridium Dificile Strangles Rhodococcus equi methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Leptosporosis Anthrax Brucellosis Protozoal diseases Cryptosporidium Giardia Fungal Diseases: Dermatophycosis (ring worm) Dermatophilosis- rain rot Disease transmission can be interrupted by controlling exposure through proper disease prevention practices or biosecurity measures. The following should be recommended to producers to limit the opportunity for disease entry: Consider a closed herd or flock if practical Quarantine new additions and returning animals Buy semen and embryos from sources with a good disease control program Buy feed from reputable sources Isolate sick animals Report unusual illnesses or unexpected deaths Control rodents (trap, reduce access to food sources) Keep wildlife out of animal areas Develop an insect control program Practice good hygiene and sanitation, especially when moving between groups of animals Avoid sharing equipment and tools with other farms Wash and disinfect equipment and vehicles contaminated with animal excrement Wear protective clothing, and clean/disinfect or change footwear when entering the farm Prohibit entry to animal areas except to essential personnel Keep a record of visitors Provide protective clothing and footwear for visitors (e.g., service providers)

08.01.2022 FITS Exam - 12-14th October in Queensland. Just touching base with all the guys who are sitting the FITS exams in Queensland this October. All fees are due, you have until the end of August to finalise you last payment. After that positions are closed. The reason for this is that Adam Tighe needs to know how many horses he will require for the shoeing. Its a huge job sourcing horses to use, then arranging transport and housing them. Theres always last minute problems with ...horses and then having to get others to replace them. I know you all appreciate the effort going into helping you all advance your Farrier education, so if you can just get your fees sorted, its much appreciated. Any problems with payments you can contact Adam Tighe or message Desarae Sim on messenger or 0418689920. See more

06.01.2022 ‘APPRENTICE FARRIER’ A position is available for an apprentice Farrier based in Cessnock NSW. You will learn all aspects of hot shoeing, shoe making ,correctiv...e trimming and corrective shoeing .you will be exposed to a network of vets and farriers and you will attend TAFE in Scone in a block release programme. The successful applicant will need to be self motivated, reliable, punctual and have a neat and tidy appearance. Have a good work ethic and show a willingness to learn and show attention to detail. You will need your own accomodation and drivers licence is essential. Some horse experience is preferred. A hand written application outlining your experience with horses and schooling with a copy of your last school report. You must supply two current references with contact details. ONLY SERIOUS ENQUIRIES PLEASE! For further information please pm me or email me: Please share Bob Sim shu14u@ bigpond. com . ph 0408437818

05.01.2022 The Australian - Farriers international Testing Systems would like to wish Bob Sim safe travels to the USA as the International Assessor for the next Fits exam. Bob leaves tomorrow I'm sure he will be able to study for the Awcf exam while he is flying .We wish all candidates sitting the exam the best of luck.

05.01.2022 The Benifits of sitting an exam . Everybody gets something different from doing further education . One motive might be to be more competent at shoeing horses .... Another might be to advertise that you have passed different levels of certification. Or maybe its good to have a focus within your trade . No matter what your reason for sitting an exam when you pass a level it is very satisfying and makes you grow as a Farrier.

04.01.2022 Hi to all . I know it's been a while since we have posted anything about the Fits and our plans for 2018 . 2017 has been a busy year for three of our Australian examiners who traveled to Kentucky to sit the AW exam and pasted ..well done to Adam Tighe . Bob Sim and Kim Broad At the moment it looks like an exam will be held in Australia October 2018 Anybody wanting information about the exam process pm Fits Good luck for 2018 and happy new year.

03.01.2022 Another successful FITS exam has come and gone , with some candidates fulfilling there goals and others going home to reassess their journey of continuing further professional development , whether it be time in the books , time in the forge or time under the horse. CPD is an important part of our industry whether it be wanting to improve your skills in forging ,shoeing , knowledge of lower limb anatomy , or used for preparation for a higher level of qualification. In the end... the horse , the client and the Farriers all benefit from the process. Thanks to Adam Tighe , Robyn and Bobby for hosting at a great venue and with all behind the scenes preparation , Great Job well done. Thanks also to Kim and Tania Broad for helping with the running of the exam. Congratulations the Marcel Veert Smith from New Zealand who completed his second provisional examiners obligation which is a requirement to become an examiner , and is now an official FITS examiner . Dusty Franklin and Bob Sim who both recently gained , deservedly, their AWCF qualification were the 2 examiners and had a fair workload not only in assessing the candidates but offering constructive advise post examination on the areas for improvement if needed and both did a great job , thanks gentlemen. A meeting was held post exam to discuss a number of issues around the exam process , and how it can be improved , with Nikki Smith , Dusty and Robbie Miller who couldnt attend but had some valuable input plus the FITS Australia committee and proved to be very positive looking forward. One last thing , any feedback from the candidates , positive or negative is greatly appreciated as the process is there to help you the best way we can on you CPD journey so dont be shy , we need to know Cheers

03.01.2022 In the workshop now , some working towards their mock exam in October. They have been working on the oral component next is theory .

02.01.2022 Firstly congratulations to all those who participated in the recent FITS exams. Those of you who passed, I will get all the paperwork done and FITS number to you as soon as I get things sorted. I also have to collect all the outstanding resit fees. If you arent sure of what you owe, send me an email on [email protected] and I'll let you know. I dont want to list everyones name here who owes, so contact me or I will have to. Each resit was $250.... Also a few of you want to buy the FITS buckle, if you could email me for that as well, I will get prices for the buckle and postage from USA once I have everyones name who wants one. Money can be deposited into the same account you paid your FITS exam money in. Thanks Desarae See more

01.01.2022 Exposing the sensitive laminae and horny laminae showing how intricate these structures are .can you describe the thumb nail size change in the growth seen in these two ?please post your thoughts